Difference between revisions of "PinePhone"

Latest revision as of 09:35, 19 November 2024

Rendering of the PinePhone Beta Edition

The PinePhone is a smartphone created by PINE64. It is capable of running mainline Linux and is supported by many partner projects.

The Braveheart Edition of the PinePhone was the first publicly available version of the phone. It shipped without a fully functional operating system and was geared specifically towards early adopters. The Braveheart Edition's successors were the Community Editions, which featured a branded backcover and box of selected community projects. The Community Editions became available in June 2020. The Beta Edition featuring Manjaro with Plasma Mobile is the latest edition, it became available in March 2021.

Introduction

The PinePhone is not a regular phone and you might not get the latest and greatest hardware and this years' newest innovation. You will get a device with good mainline support with a great community behind it.

State of the software

First things first, the PinePhone is aimed solely at early adopters - more specifically, the units are solely intended to find their way into the hands of users with extensive operating system experience.

Bear in mind that the software for these smartphones is very early, with most of the software being in alpha or beta state. That's especially also the case for scalability of applications, their availability and practicability, any hardware function implementations and the firmware. The software is provided as is. There is no warranty for the software, not even for merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.

If you have any questions regarding the current state of the software or of specific features working, please don't hesitate to ask in the community chat (see Main Page#Community and Support)!

Help and support

Still have any questions regarding software, shipping, or ordering after reading this wiki? Please don't hesitate to contact the community in the bridged community channels for detailed answers or simply to chat with friendly people in the community! See Main Page#Community and Support.

Please keep in mind that PINE64 is not like a regular company (see the PINE64 philosophy) and that support resources are limited - the best way to get support quickly is to ask in the community chat! Please only contact the PINE64 support directly if questions couldn't be solved via the community chat or this wiki.

First time installation

A protection foil isolates the battery for the shipping.

When shipped the battery is isolated from the device using a protective plastic tab, which is required to be removed before using the phone. The battery will not charge or boot until it is removed and the battery is connected again.

Note: To remove the sticker after unboxing the phone: Carefully remove the back panel using the notch in the corner of the back cover without overbending it. Then remove the battery. Peel off the clear plastic sticker below it, which isolates the charging contacts and reinsert the battery.

The PinePhone's SIM slot only accepts a micro-SIM, please do not insert a nano-SIM without an adapter and make sure that the nano-SIM does not get released from its adapter. The SIM card has to be placed in the lower slot, while the microSD has to be placed in the upper slot.

Note: Do not insert an empty micro-SIM adapter into the phone and do not release the nano-SIM inside the adapter, as it will get stuck on the contact pins. If the nano-SIM got released inside the adapter inside the phone, carefully reinsert the nano-SIM card without moving the adapter. In that case do not pull on the empty adapter as it will get stuck on the contact pins and damage them!

The microSD belongs in the upper slot, the micro-SIM in the lower slot.

An adapter from a nano to a micro-SIM might be included under tape in the camera notch of the phone's packaging. Some nano-SIMs will not fit firmly into that adapter that comes with the PinePhone and if the included adapter is used without a well-fitting nano-SIM, the contact pins might get damaged. In that case it is highly recommended to acquire a better fitting adapter.

Operating systems

The PinePhone will automatically boot from microSD if a bootable card is inserted. Although it is technically possible to use any ARM distribution (because the PinePhone uses the mainline kernel), there are a few that are designed specifically for mobile use on devices like the PinePhone.

Software releases

The PinePhone Software Releases page has a complete list of currently supported phone-optimized Operating System images that work with the PinePhone as well as other related software information. As soon as more patches get mainlined and distributions ship with the updated kernel, they will also be able to run unmodified on the device. To update any installed operating system please see PinePhone Updating Instructions.

Installation instructions

The instructions to install an operating system to the internal memory ("eMMC") or a microSD card can be found here: PinePhone Installation Instructions.

Troubleshooting

If the PinePhone is not booting from eMMC and/or microSD card anymore it can have two causes:

The battery is drained

If the battery is fully drained, most operating systems and distributions won't boot anymore. One of the exceptions which still boots is the utility Jumpdrive, which can usually be used to expose the eMMC and microSD card as drives to a USB-connected computer. Mind that JumpDrive won't expose the eMMC and microSD card with a drained battery but it still can be flashed and booted from microSD card to confirm that the phone still functions and boots up fine.

JumpDrive can be downloaded from here (not compatible with the PinePhone Pro!).

Note: If JumpDrive boots and other releases do not boot, the battery is likely drained. In that case let it charge while running JumpDrive with a compatible charger for multiple hours and make sure to not fully drain the battery in the future anymore, as that significantly reduces the battery lifetime.

Alternatively to testing JumpDrive, the issue can also be diagnosed by checking the battery charge. Simply remove the battery from the device and measure the voltage on the (+) and (-) contacts on the battery. Make sure to not shorten the contacts as shorting battery pins is a severe life and safety danger.

The installation is corrupted or incorrect

If the installation of the prioritized boot medium is corrupted or incorrect, the PinePhone will not boot anymore. The following problems are common:

The microSD card is in the wrong slot (see first time installation)
The image file was flashed to partition 1 (example: sdx1, nvme0x1p1) instead of the whole device (example: sdx, nvme0x1)
An image without bootloader was flashed (mind the Tow-Boot bootloader requirements of Mobian and postmarketOS)
The operating systems got corrupted, for example after running updates (reflash the device, see PinePhone Installation Instructions)
An incompatible image was flashed (make sure that the images are compatible. Images for the PinePhone Pro won't boot on the PinePhone and vice versa. Check your invoice to see if you ordered a PinePhone or a PinePhone Pro).

Specifications

Dimensions: 160.5 x 76.6 x 9.2mm
Weight: Between 180 ~ 200 grams
SIM Card: Micro-SIM
Display:
- Size: 5.95 inches (151mm) diagonal
- Type: HD IPS capacitive touchscreen, 16M colors
- Resolution: 1440x720, 18:9 ratio
System on Chip: Allwinner A64
RAM: 2GB or 3GB LPDDR3 SDRAM
Internal Storage: 16GB or 32GB eMMC, extendable up to 2TB via microSD, supports SDHC and SDXC
Back Camera: Single 5MP, 1/4", LED Flash
Front Camera: Single 2MP, f/2.8, 1/5"
Sound: Loudspeaker, 3.5mm jack & mic (jack doubles as hardware UART if hardware switch 6 is deactivated)
Communication:
- Modem: Quectel EG25-G
- LTE-FDD: B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B7, B8, B12, B13, B18, B19, B20, B25, B26, B28
- LTE-TDD: B38, B39, B40, B41
- WCDMA: B1, B2, B4, B5, B6, B8, B19
- GSM: B2, B3, B5, B8 (850, 900, 1800, 1900 MHz)
- WLAN: Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g/n, single-band, hotspot
- Bluetooth: 4.0, A2DP
- GNSS: GPS/GLONASS/BeiDou/Galileo/QZSS, with A-GPS
Sensors: Accelerometer, gyroscope, proximity, ambient light, compass
Privacy switches: Modem, WiFi & Bluetooth, Microphone, Cameras
Battery: Lithium-ion, rated capacity 2800mAh (10.64Wh), typical capacity 3000mAh (11.40Wh) (nominally replaceable with any Samsung J7 form-factor battery)
I/O: USB Type-C, USB Host, DisplayPort Alternate Mode output, 15W 5V 3A Quick Charge, follows USB PD specification

Components

Component	Model
Touchscreen	Goodix GT917S
Rear camera	OmniVision OV5640
Camera flash	Awinic AW3641EDNR
Front camera	GalaxyCore GC2145
LCD	Xingbangda XBD599
WiFi	Realtek RTL8723CS
Bluetooth	Realtek RTL8723CS
Modem	Quectel EG25-G
GNSS/GPS	Quectel EG25-G
Magnetometer	ST LIS3MDL
Ambient light / Proximity	SensorTek STK3335
Accelerometer / Gyroscope	InvenSense MPU-6050
Vibration motor	Unknown model
Notification LED	LED0603RGB
Volume buttons	Buttons connected to the KEYADC
Power button	X-Powers AXP803
Battery fuel gauge	X-Powers AXP803

See the PinePhone Component List.

Hardware revisions

The history of the PinePhone CEs

The following are all hardware revisions of the PinePhone that have existed, ordered by the time of their releases:

Project Anakin - Development kit
Project Don't be evil - Development kit
PinePhone v1.0 - Developer Edition
PinePhone v1.1 - Braveheart Edition
PinePhone v1.2 - Ubports Community Edition
PinePhone v1.2a - postmarketOS Community Edition
PinePhone v1.2b - Manjaro Community Edition, KDE Community Edition, Mobian Community Edition and Beta Edition

Hardware accessory

Add-ons

The PinePhone (and PinePhone Pro) is compatible with the official add-on cases, such as the keyboard, the LoRa add-on, the Qi wireless charging add-on and the fingerprint reader add-on. Details can be found under:

PinePhone Accessories

See PinePhone Hardware Accessory Compatibility for a list of devices working with the PinePhone (depending on their OS support).

The USB-C can be used to power the device, and offers USB2 host and OTG capabilities, and also can make use of the USB-C capability to integrate HDMI signals. Some USB-C hubs are available that offer power throughput, USB connection, an HDMI port and Ethernet connection.

Pogo pins

The pogo pins, as visible under the back cover.

The PinePhone has six pogo pins on the back allowing for custom hardware extensions such as wireless charging, an IR blaster, a keyboard extension or extended battery case. The pogo pins provide access to an interrupt line, power inputs/outputs and an I2C interface.

Interrupt	SDA	SCL
DCIN	USB-5V	GND

The DCIN pogo pin is connected to the VBUS line of the phone's USB Type-C connector, serving as another 5 V power input to the phone. However, the PinePhone may act as a USB host (providing 5 V at the USB Type-C connector's VBUS line to a connected device) or as a USB device (drawing from a 5 V source on the USB Type-C connector's VBUS line). Thus, connecting a 5 V power supply to DCIN in order to power the phone may not be safe to do in all conditions, e.g., when the phone is acting as a USB host to a connected USB device.

The USB-5V pogo pin is to used as an "always on" power output from the PinePhone. Depending on a number of factors, USB-5V may be at the battery voltage (between 3.0 V and 4.3 V), or at 5 V. Thus, if you are using USB-5V to power your pogo-pins expansion board, you will probably need to use DC/DC converters/regulators as appropriate. USB-5V is on even while the A64 SoC is powered down.

Pine Store offers the PinePhone Flex Breakout Board. With its 2.54 mm pitch, this breakout may have leads soldered directly to the contacts for use in a solderless breadboard. A non-soldered solution would be to use a TE AMP Connector that accepts a flat flexible cable with 2.54 mm pitch.

The following community projects use the pogo pin connections:

The PinephonePogoBreakout breakout board from the community member SMR404
Martijn Braams' Making a backcover extension for the PinePhone

Back cover

A step file for the back cover for creating custom cases is freely available here.

Serial console

Pinout of the serial adapter. This shows signals from the PinePhone's point of view, so connect the adapter's Rx to Ring 1 and Tx to Tip

The PinePhone has a serial port in the headphone connector, it's activated by the 6th contact on the dipswitch. If the switch is set to "on", the headphone connector is in audio mode, if it is set to "off" it's in UART mode. The UART serial connection can also be used for communication with other devices from the PinePhone.

The UART is 115200n8.

The pinout for the serial connector is:

Tip: RX
Ring: TX
Sleeve: GND

You can buy a serial debug cable from the PINE64 Store. The store cable uses a 4 ring plug, as seen in the here, but a 3 ring plug works just as well. The cable uses a CH340 chipset based serial to USB converter, but any 3.3v serial connection can be used. Because it is a "host"/DTE it means that you need a cross modem cable (Null Modem) with TX on Tip to be connected to RX. A cable like e.g. FTDI TTL-232R-3V3-AJ which has TX on Tip and RX on Ring fits perfectly.

Privacy switch configuration

Picture of the privacy switches

The PinePhone features six switches that can be used to configure its hardware. They are numbered 1-6, with switch 1 located nearest to the modem. Their "on" position is toward the top of the phone.

Number	Name	Explanation	Description
1	Modem	Pulls Q1501 gate up (FET killing modem power)	"On" enables 2G/3G/4G communication and GNSS hardware, "off" disables it.
2	WiFi / Bluetooth	Pulls up CHIP_EN	"On" enables WiFi and Bluetooth communication hardware, "off" disables it.
3	Microphone	Breaks microphone bias voltage from the SoC	"On" enables audio input from on-board microphones (not 3.5 mm jack), "off" disables it.
4	Rear camera	Pulls up PWDN on OV5640	"On" enables the rear camera, "off" disables it.
5	Front camera	Pulls up PWDN on GC2145	"On" enables the front camera, "off" disables it.
6	Headphone	Pulls up IN2 on analog switch BCT4717ETB	"On" enables audio input and output via the 3.5 mm audio jack, "off" switches the jack to hardware UART mode.

Camera

The PinePhone has two cameras, OmniVision OV5640 with 5MP (up to 2592 x 1944 pixels) as rear camera and GalaxyCore GC2145 with 2MP (up to 1600 x 1200 pixels) as front camera.

Example picture taken on the PinePhone's rear camera by Martijn Braam using his app Megapixels.

Further details regarding the camera and the Megapixels camera app can be found on Martijn's blog.

Battery

The phone ships with a protective plastic sticker between the battery and the phone to protect the device from turning on during shipping. You need to gently open the back cover, then remove the battery and finally remove the sticker and check that the pins aren't bent. Note: If the battery is stuck inside the phone, the mid screw in the lower part of the midframe needs to be slightly loosened, see here.

Note: The EG25-G modem and the RTL8723CS WiFi and Bluetooth do not work without a battery and with a drained battery, even when enough power is supplied to the PinePhone via the USB Type-C port. Most operating systems won't boot without a battery or with a drained battery.

The supplied battery is meant to be compatible with Samsung part number EB-BJ700BBC / BBE / CBE from the 2015 J7 phone. The extended life aftermarket BBU does fit, although it is a tight fit.

Warning: Using an aftermarket battery with a higher capacity is done at own risk. Batteries with a higher capacity especially in combination with an external charger can lead to overvoltage, which fries the modem and/or the Bluetooth and WiFi chip.

The battery terminals, from the nearest to the battery edge to the nearest to the middle of battery, are as follows:

+ve	thermistor	-ve	not connected

The battery includes a protection circuit that isolates it in a number of fault conditions, including if it is discharged too far. The fully discharged battery can be recharged by connecting the phone to a charger with a sufficient output. Once it has charged sufficiently you will be able to boot the phone.

Modem

The PinePhone uses Quectel EG25-G as modem. AT commands are used to communicate with the modem.

AT commands

A list of documented AT commands can be found for example in this AT commands documentation from Quectel. Further undocumented AT commands found by the developer megi, who reverse-engineered parts of the modem and its firmware, can be found on megi's website here.

To send AT commands to the modem under Linux, minicom or the often-preinstalled atinout utility can be used.

atinout example (use single quotes instead of double quotes around the command if the command contains double quotes):

echo "AT+<command here>" | sudo atinout - /dev/ttyUSB2 -

minicom example (you may need to use sudo too):

minicom -D /dev/ttyUSB2

VoLTE

The PinePhone's modem supports VoLTE and comes with a few VoLTE profiles preloaded. Most operating systems try to set the correct profile automatically.

To list the available VoLTE profiles:

AT+QMBNCFG="list"

+QMBNCFG: "List",0,0,0,"ROW_Generic_3GPP",0x0501081F,202112292
+QMBNCFG: "List",1,0,0,"VoLTE-ATT",0x0501033C,202105171
+QMBNCFG: "List",2,0,0,"hVoLTE-Verizon",0x05010141,202111151
+QMBNCFG: "List",3,0,0,"Sprint-VoLTE",0x05010205,202010201
+QMBNCFG: "List",8,0,0,"Reliance_OpnMkt",0x05011B38,202003251
+QMBNCFG: "List",9,0,0,"TF_Germany_VoLTE",0x05010C1B,202004151
+QMBNCFG: "List",10,0,0,"TF_Spain_VoLTE",0x05010CFA,202106171
+QMBNCFG: "List",11,0,0,"Volte_OpenMkt-Commercial-CMCC",0x05012071,202201063
+QMBNCFG: "List",12,0,0,"VoLTE_OPNMKT_CT",0x050113FC,202201063
+QMBNCFG: "List",13,0,0,"CU-VoLTE",0x05011508,202201063
+QMBNCFG: "List",14,1,1,"Telstra-Commercial_VoLTE",0x0580079E,202112221
+QMBNCFG: "List",15,0,0,"Commercial-KDDI",0x0501071D,202011192
+QMBNCFG: "List",16,0,0,"Commercial-DCM",0x05010D17,202111091
+QMBNCFG: "List",17,0,0,"Commercial-SKT",0x05012715,202103121
+QMBNCFG: "List",18,0,0,"Commercial-KT",0x05012C0D,202108241
+QMBNCFG: "List",19,0,0,"Commercial-LGU",0x05012626,202108241
+QMBNCFG: "List",20,0,0,"Commercial-USCC",0x0504FC40,202011111
+QMBNCFG: "List",21,0,0,"Optus-Commercial_VoLTE",0x05800CA2,201910241
+QMBNCFG: "List",22,0,0,"STC_Saudi_VoLTE",0x0501FE01,201912231
+QMBNCFG: "List",23,0,0,"Commercial-Rogers",0x05018821,202108021

The above are the profiles for firmware version EG25GGBR07A08M2G_30.006.30.006 and may not reflect the profiles on other firmware versions. If a profile is required that is shown above, but not in AT+QMBNCFG="list", then you may need to update your modem's firmware to a newer version as detailed below.

To select a profile manually, select the best fitting one or a generic one if none fits:

AT+QMBNCFG="select","ROW_Generic_3GPP"

Then enable Voice over LTE using:

AT+QCFG="ims",1

And reboot the modem to apply the settings:

AT+CFUN=1,1

To check the status of VoLTE during a call, the AT command CLCC can be used:

AT+CLCC

+CLCC: 1,1,0,1,0,"",128
+CLCC: 2,1,0,1,0,"",128

In the fourth item of the list, "0" means voice and and "1" means data. If both rows have "1" then the voice call is being carried over VoLTE.

APN settings

The APN setting is only required for a public Internet connection ("data") on the phone. For tested APN settings and how to apply them see PinePhone APN Settings.

Carrier support

The page PinePhone Carrier Support contains information about the frequency support of different carriers and hints on setting up cellular network connectivity.

Documents

Detailed information about the modem can be found on the page of the developer megi, including reverse-engineered parts of the firmware and its functions. There is also a document about using the modem from January 18th 2020 by megi here. A script at the end of the document showcases a way to poweroff the modem before powering off the phone, which is integrated into most of the available operating systems.

Firmware update

There is a (nearly) free custom firmware and the stock firmware available for the PinePhone. Both can be updated to a newer version with new features and bug fixes.

Custom firmware

There is a (nearly) free custom firmware for the PinePhone modem by the developer biktorgj, which can be found here.

The custom firmware has various advantages (and zero disadvantages) over the stock firmware, including:

Signal tracking support with checks against the OpenCelliD database
Persistent storage is optional and unexpected shutdowns don't mess up the modem
A lower energy consumption due to the lower minimum clock frequency
And many more, see Features not available on stock firmware

The custom firmware can be flashed using fwupd or a flashing script.

Stock firmware

The following instructions are directed towards professional users. It is highly recommend to make sure the update process is not interrupted to prevent the modem from bricking.

The stock modem firmware can be updated to a newer version if it is outdated. The firmware version can be checked using the following AT command (at the example of atinout, alternatively minicom can be used to communicate with the modem too):

echo 'AT+QGMR' | sudo atinout - /dev/ttyUSB2 -

Pre-update checklist:

Please make sure all requirements of the checklist are fulfilled. If the update process is interrupted it will lead to a corrupted firmware of the modem, causing it to brick. Recovering a bricked modem is exponentially more complicated and requires the user to boot a special mode by physically bridging test points on the modem.

The battery needs to be charged sufficiently
The phone needs to be plugged into a charger
Deep sleep is recommended to be disabled as it can interrupt the update process
It is recommended to close all other running applications
Use common sense while doing the update, don't do the update while being impaired in any way

To get the latest firmware, clone the repository of user Biktorgj on the phone:

git clone https://github.com/Biktorgj/quectel_eg25_recovery

After cloning the directory, open it with cd:

cd quectel_eg25_recovery

Then run qfirehose, which starts the flashing process:

sudo ./qfirehose -f ./

The modem will automatically reboot after the update process is done. The boot process takes around 30 to 60 seconds. After that it is highly recommended to reboot the device.

Firmware modifications

See PineModems for more information regarding modem bootloader unlocking, building a custom modem firmware and modem recovery.

GPS / GNSS

The GPS engine in the modem supports mutli-GNSS reception from GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou, Galileo and QZSS independent of a cellular connection. The operation of the GNSS subsystem can be controlled via a separate set of AT commands, or via qmi. The A-GPS data upload uses the file management AT commands, which also have their own manual. These are linked in the documentation section below.

As with most smartphones, the PinePhone has a small antenna and has difficulty getting a first fix without assistance data, a cold start can take 15 minutes under good conditions. The eg25-mananger is configured to upload A-GPS data by default (see here).

Basic testing of GNSS reception can be done by using the AT command interface (/dev/ttyUSB2) from a terminal program like minicom and the data output interface (/dev/ttyUSB1) to feed NMEA data into gpsmon or some other program that can parse standard NMEA sentences.

gpsmon decoding GPS data from /dev/ttyUSB1

To check if GNSS data output is enabled, you can

cat /dev/ttyUSB1

this should display a stream of NMEA sentences

$GPVTG,,T,,M,,N,,K,N*2C
$GPGSA,A,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,*32
$GPGGA,,,,,,0,,,,,,,,*66

Further details can be found under PinePhone Sensors and Navigation.

Voice mail

The operating systems of the PinePhone may not have support for accessing your voicemail by holding down the 1-key. Carriers might support accessing the voice mail via an external number however.

Safety

General recommendations

Due to the greater control the user is having over the device and its software comes also greater responsibility. It is necessary to verify the configuration of the device to make sure that responsible settings are used. The different operating systems may come with non-sane default settings, including SSH with weak password authentication being enabled by default and exposed to the public Internet, the absence of a firewall, default passwords, unencrypted files, too high temperature zones and emergency shutoff values or an enabled root account. The usage of public resources to verify such settings (such as the in case of GNU/Linux, the Arch Linux security wiki page, or the general recommendations) as well as the corresponding operating system's or distribution's resources are strongly recommended.

Charging safety

The PinePhone supports up to 5V 3A (15W) Quick Charge, it follows the USB Power Delivery specification. Only compatible phone chargers may be used, charging the phone with incompatible chargers (for example laptop chargers with a higher voltage) is prohibited. Charging the phone releases heat, general safety recommendations must be followed, see the section Thermal safety.

Thermal safety

With the Allwinner A64 being an older generation SoC with a large 40nm chip, the phone produces quite some heat with medium or higher use and especially also during charging or when using USB accessories, like a docking station. Measurements to prevent damage to the phone and to its surroundings need to be taken by the user. This includes especially a proper handling of the phone: do not charge the phone in a way where heat builds up around the phone without being able to escape. Especially don't charge your phone under a pillow, blankets, in pockets or bags. Charging the phone produces heat and charging the phone in a way, where the excessive heat can't dispose around the phone poses an immediate fire risk.

The user might notice that the phone gets warm under usage, compared to phones with more up-to-date hardware. Under normal circumstances these temperatures don't pose a risk while being in the levels within the safe operating temperatures (which lay far beyond the point where components can be too hot to touch). Higher temperatures might especially be experienced on the top side of the screen and on the inside of the phone at the RF shield of the modem. The higher temperature of the RF shield of the modem is commonly caused by the SoC on the opposite side of the mainboard, the RF shield of the modem is used to disperse heat of the SoC. In newer mainboard revisions starting from 1.2a there are also thermal pads on the back cover and between the SoC's RF shield and the screen, dispersing heat on the screen and on the back cover. In the past there has been safety issues regarding thermal safety functions, causing temperature reads to not properly work over an extended period of time, which was causing heat damage in some cases (see the documentation of that issue by the developer Megous here and here). While the developers are working hard to prevent such issues, they can't be excluded under all circumstances (see state of the software). The users are expected to monitor their phones' thermal safety at every point at this state of the software.

It is highly recommend to update the phone on a regular basis to always get the latest improvements. The default settings to throttle the performance and to shut down the phone when reaching critical temperatures might be set to a too high point depending on the specific usage and usage length. Under GNU/Linux the phone's thermal management behavior can be modified via the Thermal Sysfs driver to achieve lower temperatures and preventing the screen and other components to potentially take damage, see PinePhone Thermal Tweaks for the details.

Frequently asked questions

For a list of frequently asked questions (including information regarding the shipping) see PinePhone FAQ.

Modifications and repairs

Swapping in a new mainboard revision

The mainboard can be replaced, for example for upgrading to a newer hardware revision or if it is faulty. The replacement board does not have an OS preinstalled, to test if everything is working after swapping the mainboard a flashed SD card is required. The mainboard also comes with a non-functional firmware on the ANX chip, a newer firmware version has to be flashed as explained below to get certain USB functionality to work.

Replacing the mainboard

Replacement boards come with an empty eMMC, which means that trying to boot from them looks like the board is faulty (no LEDs, no screen, no reaction of the phone). Please boot an OS from SD card.

Prior to replacing your PinePhone’s mainboard please read the steps outlined in bullet points below and watch the attached video.

You’ll need a small Phillips screwdriver and a prying tool to swap out the PinePhone’s mainboard.
Remove the PinePhone’s back cover. See your quick start guide for details.
Remove the battery as well as any inserted SD and SIM cards.
Unscrew all 15 Phillips head screws around the midframe of the phone.
Gently pry up the midframe using a guitar pick or credit card corner. It is easiest to separate the midframe at one of the bottom edges. Work your way around all the sides of the phone until the midframe separates from the phone’s body.
Detach all ribbon cables and “Lego” connectors. List of things to detach: 1) two “Lego” connects at the bottom of the mainboard. 2) u.FL antenna connect and touchscreen digitizer on PCD left side. 3) LCD ribbon cable top of mainboard, next to audio/ UART jack.
Pry the mainboard up gently from the left-hand side.
Remove front and main cameras and reset them into the new mainboard.
Check that the rubber proximity sensor housing is in the chassis, not stuck to the removed mainboard.
Place the new mainboard in the chassis, hooking in on the plastic tabs on left side and pressing down firmly on opposite side, and follow the steps (7-2) in reverse. When reattaching the midframe take care that no cables are out of place or trapped, as they may be damaged when tightening screws.

After swapping the mainboard the phone won't boot as there is no OS on the replacement board's eMMC preinstalled. To boot an OS insert a flashed SD card.

A video tutorial by Martijn Braam can be found here (or alternatively a video tutorial by user brigadan with additional notes about the camera swap and proximity sensor isolator here):

Watch Martijn Braam's video tutorial here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GbMoZ_zuZs.

Flashing the ANX firmware

Method 1

After swapping the mainboard the ANX7688 chip has to be flashed for full USB functionality.

Under GNU/Linux this can be done by downloading the latest ANX7688 firmware image on the phone:

wget https://xff.cz/git/linux-firmware/plain/anx7688-fw.bin

and executing as root ("sudo su") on the phone:

cp anx7688-fw.bin /lib/firmware/
echo 1 > /sys/class/typec/port0/device/flash_eeprom

Method 2

Booting a factory test image will automatically flash the ANX7688 chip. See Factory Test OS for such an image.

Replacing the screen

Before attempting to replace the screen be sure to review the section on replacing the mainboard since that will get you most of the way there. Be aware that the replacement screen is actually the entire front frame of the phone and there are components that will need to be swapped from your old screen.

Make sure you have a precision screwdriver set that has the correct size Philips tip. The screws are very small and the heads can easily be stripped if the screwdriver is not correct - if you feel your screwdriver slipping, stop what you are doing and try one that is a better fit. A magnetized screwdriver will help in not losing screws, as will a magnetic parts holder to keep them in while working.

There are a number of components and cables as well as the insulator sheet under the battery that are glued in place. A hair dryer will loosen the glue and make them much easier to remove. You may want to order extra cables along with the screen just in case.

The vibration motor, which is part of the USB-C board assembly and glued into place, will come apart easily and be damaged if you pry it up in the wrong place. Make sure you pry from underneath the complete part, not midway on its housing. The ribbon cable attaching this to the USB-C board is small, thin, and fragile so be careful with that as well.

The new screen comes with new side switches and insulator sheet but there are a number of parts that need to be transferred from the old screen, like the thin coax cable running up the side, the phone ear speaker, proximity sensor gasket, and a gold-colored mesh glued in place that needs to be transferred to a flexible circuit included on the new screen. If you don't swap over the proximity sensor rubber gasket the screen will immediately turn off after logging in. Be careful when routing the coax cable that it goes around the screw holes or you may drive a screw right through the cable.

Take your time, use the right tools, be careful and you should be rewarded with success.

Spare parts not available in the PINE64 store

Earpiece: See PinePhone (Pro) replacement earpieces
Loudspeaker dimensions: 15x11x3 mm. Compatible with Nokia N91, Lenovo A536 (requires soldering) and others, see here
Proximity sensor rubber isolator

Other hardware issues

See also PinePhone Hardware Issues for more issues and how-to's on hardware components including the sim reader, the internal microphone, and the bottom speaker.

Press

For an overview about media of the PinePhone you can use for the news, blogs, or similar see PinePhone Press.

PinePhone board information, schematics and certifications

PinePhone mainboard schematic:

PinePhone USB-C small board schematic:

PinePhone certifications:

PinePhone FCC Certificate
RF Exposure SAR Information from FCC ID site
PinePhone CE RED Certificate
PinePhone ROHS Report
Note: PinePhone's Type Allocation Code (TAC) is 86769804

Datasheets for components and peripherals

Allwinner A64 SoC information:

X-Powers AXP803 PMIC (Power Management IC) information:

AXP803 PMIC datasheet

LPDDR3 (178 Balls) SDRAM:

Artmem LPDDR3 datasheet

eMMC information:

Kimtigo eMMC datasheet

CMOS camera module information:

LCD touch screen panel information:

Lithium battery information:

WiFi/BT module information:

RTL8723BS/RTL8723CS specification

LTE module information:

Sensors:

Digital video to USB-C bridge:

ANX7688 product brief

Case information:

Other components:

See the Component List

Resources

The following articles contain more specific information:

The following resources have been made available by Ondřej Jirman, a developer for the Pinephone:

External links

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[File:PinePhone Beta Edition.png|500px|thumb|right|Rendering of the PinePhone Beta Edition]]
+[[File:PinePhone Beta Edition.png|400px|thumb|right|Rendering of the PinePhone Beta Edition]]
 The '''PinePhone''' is a smartphone created by PINE64. It is capable of running mainline Linux and is supported by many partner projects.
@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 === State of the software ===
-First things first, the PinePhone is aimed solely at early adopters - more specifically, the only intend for these units is to find their way into the hands of users with extensive Linux experience.
+First things first, the PinePhone is aimed solely at early adopters - more specifically, the units are solely intended to find their way into the hands of users with extensive operating system experience.
-Bear in mind that the software for Linux on phones is very early, with most of the software being in alpha or beta state. That's especially also the case for scalability of applications, their availability and practicability, any hardware function implementations and the firmware. The software is provided as is. There is no warranty for the software, not even for merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
+Bear in mind that the software for these smartphones is very early, with most of the software being in alpha or beta state. That's especially also the case for scalability of applications, their availability and practicability, any hardware function implementations and the firmware. The software is provided as is. There is no warranty for the software, not even for merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
 If you have any questions regarding the current state of the software or of specific features working, please don't hesitate to ask in the community chat (see [[Main Page#Community and Support]])!
@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 === Help and support ===
-For any questions regarding the phone please regard the contents of this wiki page, including linked articles further below. Still have any questions regarding software, shipping or ordering? Please don't hesitate to contact the community in the bridged community channels for detailed answers and to chat with friendly people, see [[Main Page#Community and Support]].
+Still have any questions regarding software, shipping, or ordering after reading this wiki? Please don't hesitate to contact the community in the bridged community channels for detailed answers or simply to chat with friendly people in the community! See [[Main Page#Community and Support]].
-Mind that PINE64 is not like a regular company (see [https://www.pine64.org/philosophy/ PINE64 philosophy]) and that support resources are spare - the preferred way to get support quickly (issues are best solved in they're solved without delay!) is to ask in the community chat and to only contact PINE64 directly if questions couldn't be solved via the chat. The community is happy to help with any issue.
+Please keep in mind that PINE64 is not like a regular company (see the [https://www.pine64.org/philosophy/ PINE64 philosophy]) and that support resources are limited - the best way to get support quickly is to ask in the community chat! Please only contact the PINE64 support directly if questions couldn't be solved via the community chat or this wiki.
 == First time installation ==
+[[File:Pinephone_warning.png|320px|thumb|right|A protection foil isolates the battery for the shipping.]]
-[[File:Pinephone_warning.png|thumb|right|300px|Protective plastic tab, as visible under the back cover, with the battery in place]]
+When shipped the battery is isolated from the device using a protective plastic tab, which is required to be removed before using the phone. The battery '''will not''' charge or boot until it is removed and the battery is connected again.
-[[File:Pinephone_backside.png|thumb|right|300px|Slots for microSD and SIM cards, under the back cover of the phone]]
-{{Warning|The Beta Edition comes with SSH enabled by default and a weak SSH password. It is highly recommend to disable SSH or to switch to key-based SSH authentication.}}
+{{Info|To remove the sticker after unboxing the phone: Carefully remove the back panel using the notch in the corner of the back cover without overbending it. Then remove the battery. Peel off the clear plastic sticker below it, which isolates the charging contacts and reinsert the battery.}}
-When shipped, the battery is isolated from the device using a protective plastic tab, as visible on the picture, which is required to be removed before using the phone. The battery '''will not''' charge until this is removed and the modem, WiFi and Bluetooth will not work until the battery is connected.
+The PinePhone's SIM slot only accepts a micro-SIM, please do not insert a nano-SIM without an adapter and make sure that the nano-SIM does not get released from its adapter. The SIM card has to be placed in the lower slot, while the microSD has to be placed in the upper slot.
-To remove the sticker after unboxing the phone:
+{{Info|Do not insert an empty micro-SIM adapter into the phone and do not release the nano-SIM inside the adapter, as it will get stuck on the contact pins. If the nano-SIM got released inside the adapter inside the phone, carefully reinsert the nano-SIM card without moving the adapter. In that case do not pull on the empty adapter as it will get stuck on the contact pins and damage them!}}
-# Carefully remove the back panel using the notch in the corner of the back cover without overbending it
+[[File:Pinephone slots.png|600px|thumb|none|The microSD belongs in the upper slot, the micro-SIM in the lower slot.]]
-# Remove the battery (if the battery is stuck in the device please check [[PinePhone_FAQ#The_battery_is_stuck_inside_the_phone|this]] paragraph for a fix).
-# Peel off the clear plastic sticker below it, which isolates the charging contacts
-# Reinsert the battery
-For further information, see the [[#Battery|section below]].
+An adapter from a nano to a micro-SIM might be included under tape in the camera notch of the phone's packaging. Some nano-SIMs will not fit firmly into that adapter that comes with the PinePhone and if the included adapter is used without a well-fitting nano-SIM, the contact pins might get damaged. In that case it is highly recommended to acquire a better fitting adapter.
-The PinePhone's SIM slot only accepts a micro SIM, as visible on the picture. Please, do not insert a nano SIM without an adapter. An adapter from a nano SIM to a micro SIM may be included under tape in one of the notches of the phone's packaging. The SIM card has to be placed in the lower slot, while the microSD has to be placed in the upper slot, as pictured here:
+== Operating systems ==
+The PinePhone will automatically boot from microSD if a bootable card is inserted. Although it is technically possible to use any ARM distribution (because the PinePhone uses the mainline kernel), there are a few that are designed specifically for mobile use on devices like the PinePhone.
+=== Software releases ===
+The [[PinePhone Software Releases]] page has a complete list of currently supported phone-optimized Operating System images that work with the PinePhone as well as other related software information. As soon as more patches get mainlined and distributions ship with the updated kernel, they will also be able to run unmodified on the device. To update any installed operating system please see [[PinePhone Updating Instructions]].
+=== Installation instructions ===
+The instructions to install an operating system to the internal memory ("eMMC") or a microSD card can be found here: [[PinePhone Installation Instructions]].
+=== Troubleshooting ===
+If the PinePhone is not booting from eMMC and/or microSD card anymore it can have two causes:
+==== The battery is drained ====
+If the battery is fully drained, most operating systems and distributions won't boot anymore. One of the exceptions which still boots is the utility ''Jumpdrive'', which can usually be used to expose the eMMC and microSD card as drives to a USB-connected computer. Mind that JumpDrive won't expose the eMMC and microSD card with a drained battery but it still can be flashed and booted from microSD card to confirm that the phone still functions and boots up fine.
+JumpDrive can be downloaded from [https://github.com/dreemurrs-embedded/Jumpdrive/releases/download/0.8/pine64-pinephone.img.xz here] (not compatible with the PinePhone Pro!).
+{{Info|If JumpDrive boots and other releases do not boot, the battery is likely drained. In that case let it charge while running JumpDrive with a compatible charger for multiple hours and make sure to not fully drain the battery in the future anymore, as that significantly reduces the battery lifetime.}}
+Alternatively to testing JumpDrive, the issue can also be diagnosed by checking the battery charge. Simply remove the battery from the device and measure the voltage on the (+) and (-) contacts on the battery. Make sure to not shorten the contacts as shorting battery pins is a severe life and safety danger.
+==== The installation is corrupted or incorrect ====
+If the installation of the prioritized boot medium is corrupted or incorrect, the PinePhone will not boot anymore. The following problems are common:
+* The microSD card is in the wrong slot (see [[#First time installation|first time installation]])
+* The image file was flashed to partition 1 (example: ''sdx1'', ''nvme0x1p1'') instead of the whole device (example: ''sdx'', ''nvme0x1'')
+* An image without bootloader was flashed (mind the ''Tow-Boot'' bootloader requirements of ''Mobian'' and ''postmarketOS'')
+* The operating systems got corrupted, for example after running updates (reflash the device, see [[PinePhone Installation Instructions]])
+* An incompatible image was flashed (make sure that the images are compatible. Images for the PinePhone Pro won't boot on the PinePhone and vice versa. Check your invoice to see if you ordered a PinePhone or a PinePhone Pro).
 == Specifications ==
@@ Line 55: / Line 86: @@
 * '''RAM:''' 2GB or 3GB LPDDR3 SDRAM
 * '''Internal Storage:''' 16GB or 32GB eMMC, extendable up to 2TB via microSD, supports SDHC and SDXC
-* '''Back [[#Camera|Camera]]:''' Single 5MP, 1/4", LED Flash
+* '''Back Camera:''' Single 5MP, 1/4", LED Flash
 * '''Front Camera:''' Single 2MP, f/2.8, 1/5"
-* '''Sound:''' Loudspeaker, 3.5mm jack & mic (jack doubles as hardware UART if killswitch 6 is deactivated)
+* '''Sound:''' Loudspeaker, 3.5mm jack & mic (jack doubles as hardware UART if hardware switch 6 is deactivated)
 * '''Communication:'''
-** '''[[#Modem|Modem]]:''' [https://www.quectel.com/product/lte-eg25-g/ Quectel EG25-G]
+** '''Modem:''' [https://www.quectel.com/product/lte-eg25-g/ Quectel EG25-G]
 ** '''LTE-FDD''': B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B7, B8, B12, B13, B18, B19, B20, B25, B26, B28
 ** '''LTE-TDD''': B38, B39, B40, B41
@@ Line 68: / Line 99: @@
 ** '''GNSS:''' GPS/GLONASS/BeiDou/Galileo/QZSS, with A-GPS
 * '''Sensors:''' Accelerometer, gyroscope, proximity, ambient light, compass
-* '''Killswitches:''' Modem, WiFi & Bluetooth, Microphone, Cameras
+* '''Privacy switches:''' Modem, WiFi & Bluetooth, Microphone, Cameras
-* '''[[#Battery|Battery]]:''' Lithium-ion, rated capacity 2800mAh (10.64Wh), typical capacity 3000mAh (11.40Wh) (nominally replaceable with any Samsung J7 form-factor battery)
+* '''Battery:''' Lithium-ion, rated capacity 2800mAh (10.64Wh), typical capacity 3000mAh (11.40Wh) (nominally replaceable with any Samsung J7 form-factor battery)
 * '''I/O:''' USB Type-C, USB Host, DisplayPort Alternate Mode output, 15W 5V 3A Quick Charge, follows USB PD specification
 == Components ==
-The list of major components resembling the PinePhone is available in the table below; see also the [[PinePhone component list]] and the PinePhone [[#PinePhone board information, schematics and certifications|schematics]].
 {| class="wikitable"
@@ Line 87: / Line 116: @@
 |-
 | Camera flash
-| SGMICRO SGM3140
+| Awinic AW3641EDNR
 |-
 | Front camera
@@ Line 102: / Line 131: @@
 |-
 | Modem
-| [http://static.abstore.pl/design/accounts/soyter/img/dokumentacje/quectel_eg25-g.pdf Quectel EG25-G]
+| Quectel EG25-G
 |-
 | GNSS/GPS
-| [http://static.abstore.pl/design/accounts/soyter/img/dokumentacje/quectel_eg25-g.pdf Quectel EG25-G]
+| Quectel EG25-G
 |-
 | Magnetometer
@@ Line 131: / Line 160: @@
 | X-Powers AXP803
 |}
+See the [[PinePhone_component_list|PinePhone Component List]].
 == Hardware revisions ==
+[[File:Pinephone_revisions.png|400px|thumb|right|The history of the PinePhone CEs]]
 The following are all hardware revisions of the PinePhone that have existed, ordered by the time of their releases:
-* [[Project Anakin]]
+* [[Project Anakin]] - Development kit
-* [[Project Don't be evil|"Project Don't Be Evil"]] &ndash; development kit (devkit)
+* [[Project Don't be evil]] - Development kit
-* [[PinePhone v1.0 - Dev|PinePhone v1.0]] &ndash; developer batch
+* [[PinePhone v1.0 - Dev|PinePhone v1.0]] - Developer Edition
-* [[PinePhone v1.1 - Braveheart|PinePhone v1.1]] &ndash; Braveheart
+* [[PinePhone v1.1 - Braveheart|PinePhone v1.1]] - Braveheart Edition
-* [[PinePhone v1.2‎]] &ndash; Ubports Community Edition
+* [[PinePhone v1.2]] - Ubports Community Edition
-* [[PinePhone v1.2a]] &ndash; postmarketOS Community Edition
+* [[PinePhone v1.2a]] - postmarketOS Community Edition
-* [[PinePhone v1.2b]] &ndash; Manjaro Community Edition, KDE Community Edition, Mobian Community Edition, and Beta Edition
+* [[PinePhone v1.2b]] - Manjaro Community Edition, KDE Community Edition, Mobian Community Edition and Beta Edition
-== Thermal safety ==
+== Hardware accessory ==
-With the Allwinner A64 being an older-generation SoC built on a 40&nbsp;nm process, the phone produces quite some heat under medium or high loads, and especially during charging or when using USB accessories, such as a docking station. Measurements to prevent damage to the phone and to its surroundings need to be taken by the user. This includes especially a proper handling of the phone: do not charge the phone in a way where heat builds up around the phone without being able to escape. Especially don't charge your phone under a pillow, blankets, in pockets or bags. Charging the phone produces heat and charging the phone in a way, where the excessive heat can't dispose around the phone poses an immediate fire risk.
-The user might notice that the phone gets warm under usage, compared to phones with more up-to-date hardware. Under normal circumstances these temperatures don't pose a risk while being in the levels within the safe operating temperatures (which lay far beyond the point where components can be too hot to touch). Higher temperatures might especially be experienced on the top side of the screen and on the inside of the phone at the RF shield of the modem. The higher temperature of the RF shield of the modem is commonly caused by the SoC on the opposite side of the mainboard, the RF shield of the modem is used to disperse heat of the SoC. In newer phone revisions, starting with the [[PinePhone v1.2a|revision 1.2a]], there are also thermal pads and foils on the back cover and between the SoC's RF shield and the screen, dispersing heat on the screen and on the back cover. In the past there has been safety issues regarding thermal safety functions, causing temperature reads to not properly work over an extended period of time, which was causing heat damage in some cases (see the documentation of that issue by the developer Megous [http://xnux.eu/log/#018 here] and [http://xnux.eu/log/#017 here]). While the developers are working hard to prevent such issues, they can't be excluded under all circumstances; see also [[#State of the software|this section]]. The users are expected to monitor their phones' thermal safety at every point at this state of the software.
-It is highly recommend to update the phone on a regular basis to always get the latest improvements. The default settings to throttle the performance and to shut down the phone when reaching critical temperatures might be set to a too high point depending on the specific usage and usage length. Under Linux, the phone's thermal management behavior can be modified to achieve lower temperatures and prevent the screen and other components from potentially taking damage; see [[PinePhone Thermal Tweaks]] for further details.
+=== Add-ons ===
+The PinePhone (and PinePhone Pro) is compatible with the official add-on cases, such as the keyboard, the LoRa add-on, the Qi wireless charging add-on and the fingerprint reader add-on. Details can be found under:
-== Hardware accessory ==
+* [[PinePhone (Pro) Add-ons]]
+* [[PinePhone (Pro) Keyboard]]
-=== PinePhone hardware accessory compatibility ===
+=== PinePhone Accessories ===
 See [[PinePhone Hardware Accessory Compatibility]] for a list of devices working with the PinePhone (depending on their OS support).
-=== USB-C connector ===
+The USB-C can be used to power the device, and offers USB2 host and OTG capabilities, and also can make use of the USB-C capability to integrate HDMI signals. Some USB-C hubs are available that offer power throughput, USB connection, an HDMI port and Ethernet connection.
-The USB-C can be used to power the device, and offers USB2 host and OTG possibilities, and also can make use of the USB-C capability to integrate HDMI signals. Some USB-C hubs are available that offer power throughput, USB connection, HDMI port and Ethernet connection.
 === Pogo pins ===
@@ Line 177: / Line 206: @@
 |}
-DCIN and USB-5V are the names used in the schematics. The actual behavior of these pogo pins is not obvious based on their names. DCIN is connected both to the VBUS line of the USB Type-C connector, and to the ACIN/VBUS inputs on the PMIC. This means that, depending on a number of factors, DCIN may be at 0&nbsp;V or 5&nbsp;V. USB-5V is connected at the output of an LP6226 DC/DC boost converter (5&nbsp;V), which in turn is fed by the PS output of the PMIC. The boost converter is enabled or disabled by a GPIO output from the A64 SoC, controlled by software (e.g. the Linux kernel). Depending on inputs and decision made by the PMIC, PS may be at the battery voltage (fed "directly" by the battery through a transistor controlled by the PMIC), or at the "USB" voltage (fed by the PMIC's ACIN/VBUS inputs). This means that depending on a number of factors, USB-5V may be at battery voltage (between 3.0&nbsp;V and 4.3&nbsp;V), or at 5&nbsp;V.
+The DCIN pogo pin is connected to the VBUS line of the phone's USB Type-C connector, serving as another 5&nbsp;V power input to the phone.  However, the PinePhone may act as a USB host (providing 5&nbsp;V at the USB Type-C connector's VBUS line to a connected device) or as a USB device (drawing from a 5&nbsp;V source on the USB Type-C connector's VBUS line). Thus, connecting a 5&nbsp;V power supply to DCIN in order to power the phone may not be safe to do in all conditions, e.g., when the phone is acting as a USB host to a connected USB device.
-Because the PinePhone may act as a USB host (providing 5&nbsp;V at the USB Type-C connector's VBUS to a connected device) or as a USB device (drawing from a 5&nbsp;V source on the USB Type-C connector's VBUS), DCIN is actually not strictly an input nor an output. Some community analysis of the PinePhone schematic (and some testing) indicates that you can connect a 5&nbsp;V power supply to DCIN in order to power the phone at the PMIC's ACIN/VBUS inputs (and, as a side effect, charge the battery). This may not be safe to do in all conditions, e.g., when the phone is acting as a USB host to a connected USB device. It should also be safe to use DCIN as a power output from the PinePhone, e.g., when a USB Type-C charger is connected, you can draw current directly from the USB Type-C port's VBUS, which is provided by the charger. Please note that, when using DCIN as an output from the PinePhone, DCIN isn't "always on"; it may be 0&nbsp;V. It is currently not documented on how much current can be safely drawn.
+The USB-5V pogo pin is to used as an "always on" power output from the PinePhone. Depending on a number of factors, USB-5V may be at the battery voltage (between 3.0&nbsp;V and 4.3&nbsp;V), or at 5&nbsp;V.  Thus, if you are using USB-5V to power your pogo-pins expansion board, you will probably need to use DC/DC converters/regulators as appropriate. USB-5V is on even while the A64 SoC is powered down.
-USB-5V should be safe to use as an "always on" power output from the PinePhone. Depending on a number of factors, voltage may be from 3&nbsp;V to 5&nbsp;V; thus, if you are using USB-5V to power your pogo-pins expansion board, you will probably need to use DC/DC converters/regulators as appropriate. USB-5V is on even while the A64 SoC is powered down.
+Pine Store offers the [https://pine64.com/product/pinephone-flex-break-out-board/?v=0446c16e2e66 PinePhone Flex Breakout Board]. With its 2.54&nbsp;mm pitch, this breakout may have leads soldered directly to the contacts for use in a solderless breadboard. A non-soldered solution would be to use a [https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/te-connectivity-amp-connectors/5-520315-6/2258879 TE AMP Connector] that accepts a flat flexible cable with 2.54&nbsp;mm pitch.
-The I2C and interrupt lines have pull-ups on the phone side. The I2C lines are pulled up to 3v3 by the phone.
+The following community projects use the pogo pin connections:
+* The [https://github.com/SMR404/PinephonePogoBreakout ''PinephonePogoBreakout''] breakout board from the community member ''SMR404''
-For a breakout board see [https://github.com/SMR404/PinephonePogoBreakout here]. For an example project see Martijn's blog post [https://blog.brixit.nl/making-a-backcover-extension-for-the-pinephone/ <i>"Making a backcover extension for the PinePhone"</i>].
+* Martijn Braams' [https://blog.brixit.nl/making-a-backcover-extension-for-the-pinephone/ ''Making a backcover extension for the PinePhone'']
 === Back cover ===
 A step file for the back cover for creating custom cases is freely available [https://files.pine64.org/doc/PinePhone/PinePhone%20Back%20Cover%20ver%200.5.stp here].
-=== Community-built accessories ===
-* [https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:4654013 PinePhone Development Stand at Thingverse]
-* [https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:4658870 PinePhone Hard Case by _The3DmaN_ at Thingverse]
-* [https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:4651177 PinePhone Hard Case by blitzaxt at Thingverse]
 === Serial console ===
-[[File:PinePhone_Serial_Cable.png|thumb|right|400px|Serial connector pinout]]
+[[File:PinePhone_Serial_Cable.png|400px|thumb|right|Pinout of the serial adapter. This shows signals from the PinePhone's point of view, so connect the adapter's Rx to Ring 1 and Tx to Tip]]
-The PinePhone has a serial port accessible through the headphone connector, which is activated by the sixth position of the DIP switch under the back cover. If the switch is set to the "on" position, the headphone connector is in audio mode; if it is set to "off", the connector is in the UART mode. The UART serial connection can also be used for communication with other devices from the PinePhone.
+The PinePhone has a serial port in the headphone connector, it's activated by the 6th contact on the dipswitch. If the switch is set to "on", the headphone connector is in audio mode, if it is set to "off" it's in UART mode. The UART serial connection can also be used for communication with other devices from the PinePhone.
-The parameters for serial communication are 115200n8.
+The UART is 115200n8.
-The pinout of the serial connector is as follows:
+The pinout for the serial connector is:
 * Tip: RX
@@ Line 209: / Line 233: @@
 * Sleeve: GND
-You can buy a serial debug cable from the [https://pine64.com/product/pinebook-pinephone-pinetab-serial-console/ Pine64 Store]. The store cable uses a 4 ring plug, as seen in the [https://files.pine64.org/doc/pinebook/guide/Pinebook_Earphone_Serial_Console_Developer_Guide.pdf here], but a 3 ring plug works just as well. The cable uses a CH340 chipset based serial to USB converter, but any 3.3v serial connection can be used. Because it is a "host"/DTE it means that you need a ''cross modem cable'' ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_modem Null Modem]) with TX on Tip to be connected to RX. A cable like e.g. [https://www.ftdichip.com/Products/Cables/USBTTLSerial.htm FTDI TTL-232R-3V3-AJ] which has TX on Tip and RX on Ring fits perfectly.
+You can buy a serial debug cable from the [https://pine64.com/product/pinebook-pinephone-pinetab-serial-console/ PINE64 Store]. The store cable uses a 4 ring plug, as seen in the [https://files.pine64.org/doc/pinebook/guide/Pinebook_Earphone_Serial_Console_Developer_Guide.pdf here], but a 3 ring plug works just as well. The cable uses a CH340 chipset based serial to USB converter, but any 3.3v serial connection can be used. Because it is a "host"/DTE it means that you need a ''cross modem cable'' ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_modem Null Modem]) with TX on Tip to be connected to RX. A cable like e.g. [https://www.ftdichip.com/Products/Cables/USBTTLSerial.htm FTDI TTL-232R-3V3-AJ] which has TX on Tip and RX on Ring fits perfectly.
-== Killswitch configuration ==
+== Privacy switch configuration ==
-[[File:PinePhone Kill Interruptors de Maquinari del PinePhone 4529.jpg|320px|thumb|right|Detail of DIP switch]]
+[[File:PinePhone Kill Interruptors de Maquinari del PinePhone 4529.jpg|320px|thumb|right|Picture of the privacy switches]]
 The PinePhone features six switches that can be used to configure its hardware. They are numbered 1-6, with switch 1 located nearest to the modem. Their "on" position is toward the top of the phone.
@@ Line 241: / Line 265: @@
 | 4
 | Rear camera
 | Pulls up PWDN on OV5640
 | "On" enables the rear camera, "off" disables it.
 |-
@@ Line 264: / Line 288: @@
 == Battery ==
-[[Image:PinePhone battery3.jpeg|400px|thumb|right|none|Protective plastic sticker inside a PinePhone]]
-{{Hint|The EG25-G modem and the RTL8723CS WiFi and Bluetooth combo do not work without battery power, even when enough power is supplied to the PinePhone via the USB Type-C port.}}
-The phone ships with a protective plastic sticker between the battery and the phone to protect the device from turning on during shipping.. You need to gently open the back cover, then remove the battery and finally remove the sticker and check that the pins aren't bent. Note: If the battery is stuck inside the phone, the mid screw in the lower part of the midframe needs to be slightly loosened, see [[PinePhone_FAQ#The_battery_is_stuck_inside_the_phone|here]].
+The phone ships with a protective plastic sticker between the battery and the phone to protect the device from turning on during shipping. You need to gently open the back cover, then remove the battery and finally remove the sticker and check that the pins aren't bent. Note: If the battery is stuck inside the phone, the mid screw in the lower part of the midframe needs to be slightly loosened, see [[PinePhone_FAQ#The_battery_is_stuck_inside_the_phone|here]].
+{{Info|The EG25-G modem and the RTL8723CS WiFi and Bluetooth do not work without a battery and with a drained battery, even when enough power is supplied to the PinePhone via the USB Type-C port. Most operating systems won't boot without a battery or with a drained battery.}}
 The [https://files.pine64.org/doc/datasheet/pinephone/PinePhone%20QZ01%20Battery%20Specification.pdf supplied battery] is meant to be compatible with Samsung part number EB-BJ700BBC / BBE / CBE from the 2015 J7 phone. The extended life aftermarket BBU does fit, although it is a tight fit.
+{{Warning|Using an aftermarket battery with a higher capacity is done at own risk. Batteries with a higher capacity especially in combination with an external charger can lead to overvoltage, which fries the modem and/or the Bluetooth and WiFi chip.}}
 The battery terminals, from the nearest to the battery edge to the nearest to the middle of battery, are as follows:
 {| class="wikitable"
 | style="min-width: 90px; text-align: center;" | +ve
 | style="min-width: 90px; text-align: center;" | thermistor
@@ Line 283: / Line 309: @@
 == Modem ==
-The PinePhone uses Quectel EG25-G as modem. AT commands are used to communicate with the modem. The software <code>minicom</code> can be used to send the commands.
-To connect with the modem:
+The PinePhone uses Quectel EG25-G as modem. AT commands are used to communicate with the modem.
+=== AT commands ===
+A list of documented AT commands can be found for example in this [[:File:Quectel_EC2x&EG9x&EG2x-G&EM05_Series_AT_Commands_Manual_V2.0.pdf|AT commands documentation]] from Quectel. Further undocumented AT commands found by the developer megi, who reverse-engineered parts of the modem and its firmware, can be found on megi's website [http://xnux.eu/devices/feature/modem-pp-reveng.html#toc-un-der-documented-at-commands here].
+To send AT commands to the modem under Linux, <code>minicom</code> or the often-preinstalled <code>atinout</code> utility can be used.
+<i>atinout</i> example (use single quotes instead of double quotes around the command if the command contains double quotes):
 <pre>
-minicom -D /dev/ttyUSB2
+echo "AT+<command here>" | sudo atinout - /dev/ttyUSB2 -
 </pre>
-=== AT commands ===
+<i>minicom</i> example (you may need to use sudo too):
-A list of documented AT commands can be found in the [https://www.quectel.com/UploadImage/Downlad/Quectel_EC25&EC21_AT_Commands_Manual_V1.3.pdf EC25&EC21 AT Commands Manual] from Quectel. Further undocumented AT commands found by the developer megi, who reverse-engineered parts of the modem and its firmware, can be found on megi's website [http://xnux.eu/devices/feature/modem-pp-reveng.html#toc-un-der-documented-at-commands here].
+<code>minicom -D /dev/ttyUSB2</code>
 === VoLTE ===
-The PinePhone's modem supports VoLTE and comes with a few VoLTE profiles preloaded. Most OSes try to set the correct profile automatically.
+The PinePhone's modem supports VoLTE and comes with a few VoLTE profiles preloaded. Most operating systems try to set the correct profile automatically.
 To list the available VoLTE profiles:
@@ Line 304: / Line 336: @@
 AT+QMBNCFG="list"
-+QMBNCFG: "List",0,1,1,"ROW_Generic_3GPP",0x0501081F,201901141
++QMBNCFG: "List",0,0,0,"ROW_Generic_3GPP",0x0501081F,202112292
-+QMBNCFG: "List",1,0,0,"VoLTE-ATT",0x0501033C,201909271
++QMBNCFG: "List",1,0,0,"VoLTE-ATT",0x0501033C,202105171
-+QMBNCFG: "List",2,0,0,"hVoLTE-Verizon",0x05010141,201911251
++QMBNCFG: "List",2,0,0,"hVoLTE-Verizon",0x05010141,202111151
-+QMBNCFG: "List",3,0,0,"Sprint-VoLTE",0x05010205,201908141
++QMBNCFG: "List",3,0,0,"Sprint-VoLTE",0x05010205,202010201
-+QMBNCFG: "List",4,0,0,"Commercial-TMO_VoLTE",0x05010505,201811231
++QMBNCFG: "List",8,0,0,"Reliance_OpnMkt",0x05011B38,202003251
-+QMBNCFG: "List",5,0,0,"Telus-Commercial_VoLTE",0x05800C43,201912031
++QMBNCFG: "List",9,0,0,"TF_Germany_VoLTE",0x05010C1B,202004151
-+QMBNCFG: "List",6,0,0,"Commercial-SBM",0x05011C18,201904021
++QMBNCFG: "List",10,0,0,"TF_Spain_VoLTE",0x05010CFA,202106171
-+QMBNCFG: "List",7,0,0,"Commercial-DT",0x05011F1C,201905311
++QMBNCFG: "List",11,0,0,"Volte_OpenMkt-Commercial-CMCC",0x05012071,202201063
-+QMBNCFG: "List",8,0,0,"Reliance_OpnMkt",0x05011B38,201910161
++QMBNCFG: "List",12,0,0,"VoLTE_OPNMKT_CT",0x050113FC,202201063
-+QMBNCFG: "List",9,0,0,"TF_Germany_VoLTE",0x05010C1B,201909201
++QMBNCFG: "List",13,0,0,"CU-VoLTE",0x05011508,202201063
-+QMBNCFG: "List",10,0,0,"TF_Spain_VoLTE",0x05010CFA,201909261
++QMBNCFG: "List",14,1,1,"Telstra-Commercial_VoLTE",0x0580079E,202112221
-+QMBNCFG: "List",11,0,0,"Volte_OpenMkt-Commercial-CMCC",0x05012071,201904281
++QMBNCFG: "List",15,0,0,"Commercial-KDDI",0x0501071D,202011192
-+QMBNCFG: "List",12,0,0,"OpenMkt-Commercial-CT",0x05011322,201911081
++QMBNCFG: "List",16,0,0,"Commercial-DCM",0x05010D17,202111091
-+QMBNCFG: "List",13,0,0,"OpenMkt-Commercial-CU",0x05011505,201807052
++QMBNCFG: "List",17,0,0,"Commercial-SKT",0x05012715,202103121
++QMBNCFG: "List",18,0,0,"Commercial-KT",0x05012C0D,202108241
++QMBNCFG: "List",19,0,0,"Commercial-LGU",0x05012626,202108241
++QMBNCFG: "List",20,0,0,"Commercial-USCC",0x0504FC40,202011111
++QMBNCFG: "List",21,0,0,"Optus-Commercial_VoLTE",0x05800CA2,201910241
++QMBNCFG: "List",22,0,0,"STC_Saudi_VoLTE",0x0501FE01,201912231
++QMBNCFG: "List",23,0,0,"Commercial-Rogers",0x05018821,202108021
 </pre>
+{{Hint|The above are the profiles for firmware version EG25GGBR07A08M2G_30.006.30.006 and may not reflect the profiles on other firmware versions. If a profile is required that is shown above, but not in <nowiki>AT+QMBNCFG="list"</nowiki>, then you may need to update your modem's firmware to a newer version as detailed below.}}
 To select a profile manually, select the best fitting one or a generic one if none fits:
@@ Line 346: / Line 386: @@
 +CLCC: 2,1,0,1,0,"",128
 </pre>
+In the fourth item of the list, "0" means voice and and "1" means data. If both rows have "1" then the voice call is being carried over VoLTE.
 === APN settings ===
@@ Line 356: / Line 398: @@
 === Documents ===
-Detailed information about the modem can be found on the [https://xnux.eu/devices/feature/modem-pp.html#toc-modem-on-pinephone page of the developer megi], including reverse-engineered parts of the firmware and its functions. There is also a document about using the modem from January 18th 2020 by megi [https://megous.com/dl/tmp/modem.txt here]. A script at the end of the document showcases a way to poweroff the modem before powering off the phone, which is integrated into most of the available OSes.
+Detailed information about the modem can be found on the [https://xnux.eu/devices/feature/modem-pp.html#toc-modem-on-pinephone page of the developer megi], including reverse-engineered parts of the firmware and its functions. There is also a document about using the modem from January 18th 2020 by megi [https://megous.com/dl/tmp/modem.txt here]. A script at the end of the document showcases a way to poweroff the modem before powering off the phone, which is integrated into most of the available operating systems.
 === Firmware update ===
+There is a (nearly) free custom firmware and the stock firmware available for the PinePhone. Both can be updated to a newer version with new features and bug fixes.
+==== Custom firmware ====
+There is a (nearly) free custom firmware for the PinePhone modem by the developer ''biktorgj'', which can be found [https://github.com/the-modem-distro/pinephone_modem_sdk here].
+The custom firmware has various advantages (and zero disadvantages) over the stock firmware, including:
+* Signal tracking support with checks against the OpenCelliD database
+* Persistent storage is optional and unexpected shutdowns don't mess up the modem
+* A lower energy consumption due to the lower minimum clock frequency
+* And many more, see [https://github.com/the-modem-distro/pinephone_modem_sdk#features-not-available-on-stock-firmware Features not available on stock firmware]
+The custom firmware can be flashed using [https://wiki.postmarketos.org/wiki/Fwupd#Upgrading_Modem_Firmware_on_the_PinePhone_.28Pro.29 fwupd] or a [https://github.com/the-modem-distro/pinephone_modem_sdk/blob/kirkstone/docs/FLASHING.md flashing script].
+==== Stock firmware ====
 {{Hint|The following instructions are directed towards professional users. It is highly recommend to make sure the update process is not interrupted to prevent the modem from bricking.}}
-The modem firmware can be updated to the latest version if it is outdated and ''dmesg'' returns the following message:
+The stock modem firmware can be updated to a newer version if it is outdated. The firmware version can be checked using the following AT command (at the example of <code>atinout</code>, alternatively <code>minicom</code> can be used to communicate with the modem too):
-<pre>modem-power serial1-0: Your modem has an outdated firmware. Latest know version is EG25GGBR07A08M2G_01.002.07. Consider updating.</pre>
+ echo 'AT+QGMR' | sudo atinout - /dev/ttyUSB2 -
 '''Pre-update checklist:'''
@@ Line 378: / Line 437: @@
 To get the latest firmware, clone the repository of user Biktorgj on the phone:
-<pre>git clone https://github.com/Biktorgj/quectel_eg25_recovery</pre>
+ git clone https://github.com/Biktorgj/quectel_eg25_recovery
 After cloning the directory, open it with cd:
-<pre>cd quectel_eg25_recovery</pre>
+ cd quectel_eg25_recovery
 Then run qfirehose, which starts the flashing process:
-<pre>sudo ./qfirehose -f ./</pre>
+ sudo ./qfirehose -f ./
 The modem will automatically reboot after the update process is done. The boot process takes around 30 to 60 seconds. After that it is highly recommended to reboot the device.
@@ Line 395: / Line 454: @@
 === GPS / GNSS ===
+The GPS engine in the modem supports mutli-GNSS reception from GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou, Galileo and QZSS independent of a cellular connection. The operation of the GNSS subsystem can be controlled via a separate set of AT commands, or via qmi. The A-GPS data upload uses the file management AT commands, which also have their own manual. These are linked in the [[PinePhone#Datasheets for components and peripherals|documentation section]] below.
-[[File:Gpsmon eg25g.png|400px|thumb|right|GPS data from /dev/ttyUSB1 being decoded by gpsmon]]
+As with most smartphones, the PinePhone has a small antenna and has difficulty getting a first fix without assistance data, a cold start can take 15 minutes under good conditions. The ''eg25-mananger'' is configured to upload A-GPS data by default (see [https://gitlab.com/mobian1/eg25-manager/-/merge_requests/15 here]).
-The GPS engine in the modem supports mutli-GNSS reception from GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou, Galileo and QZSS independent of a cellular connection. The operation of the GNSS subsystem is controlled via a separate set of AT commands. The AGPS data upload uses the file management AT commands, which also have their own manual. These are linked in the [[PinePhone#Datasheets for components and peripherals|documentation section]] below.
+Basic testing of GNSS reception can be done by using the AT command interface (''/dev/ttyUSB2'') from a terminal program like ''minicom'' and the data output interface (''/dev/ttyUSB1'') to feed NMEA data into gpsmon or some other program that can parse standard NMEA sentences.
-As with most smartphones, the PinePhone has a small antenna and has difficulty getting a first fix without assistance data, a cold start can take 15 minutes under good conditions. While the hardware supports AGPS data upload, it isn't yet implemented in current distributions. There is a [https://gist.github.com/alastair-dm/263209b54d01209be28828e555fa6628 proof of concept script] which can be made to work, but support needs to be added to ModemManager, oFono etc. before it will be easy to use.
+[[File:Gpsmon eg25g.png|400px|thumb|none|gpsmon decoding GPS data from ''/dev/ttyUSB1'']]
-Basic testing of GNSS reception can be done by using the AT command interface (/dev/ttyUSB2) from a terminal progam like minicom and the data output interface (/dev/ttyUSB1) to feed NMEA data into gpsmon or some other progam that can parse standard NMEA sentences.
 To check if GNSS data output is enabled, you can
@@ Line 413: / Line 471: @@
   $GPGSA,A,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,*32
   $GPGGA,,,,,,0,,,,,,,,*66
+Further details can be found under [[PinePhone Sensors and Navigation]].
 === Voice mail ===
-Some phone operating systems may not have support for accessing your voicemail by holding down the 1 key. If you are in Canada and using rogers or a rogers associated carrier (such as ''Chatr''), you can access your voice mail by calling an external number, see: https://www.howardforums.com/showthread.php/913346-Rogers-GSM-Voicemail-Retrieval-Numbers
+The operating systems of the PinePhone may not have support for accessing your voicemail by holding down the 1-key. Carriers might support accessing the voice mail via an external number however.
-In America, AT&T also has support for accessing your voicemail via an external phone number: https://www.att.com/support/article/wireless/KM1009101/
+== Safety ==
-In Canada, Rogers voicemail can be called by dialing *98
+=== General recommendations ===
-== Operating systems ==
-The PinePhone will automatically boot from microSD if a bootable card is inserted. Although it is technically possible to use any ARM distribution (because the PinePhone uses the mainline kernel), there are a few that are designed specifically for mobile use on devices like the PinePhone.
+Due to the greater control the user is having over the device and its software comes also greater responsibility. It is necessary to verify the configuration of the device to make sure that responsible settings are used. The different operating systems may come with non-sane default settings, including SSH with weak password authentication being enabled by default and exposed to the public Internet, the absence of a firewall, default passwords, unencrypted files, too high temperature zones and emergency shutoff values or an enabled root account. The usage of public resources to verify such settings (such as the in case of GNU/Linux, the Arch Linux [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/security security] wiki page, or the [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/general_recommendations general recommendations]) as well as the corresponding operating system's or distribution's resources are strongly recommended.
-=== Software releases ===
+=== Charging safety ===
-The [[PinePhone Software Releases]] page has a complete list of currently supported phone-optimized Operating System images that work with the PinePhone as well as other related software information. As soon as more patches get mainlined and distributions ship with the updated kernel, they will also be able to run unmodified on the device.
+The PinePhone supports up to 5V 3A (15W) Quick Charge, it follows the USB Power Delivery specification. Only compatible phone chargers may be used, charging the phone with incompatible chargers (for example laptop chargers with a higher voltage) is prohibited. Charging the phone releases heat, general safety recommendations must be followed, see the section ''Thermal safety''.
-=== Installation instructions ===
+=== Thermal safety ===
-For instructions on how to install the operating systems to the eMMC or SD card see [[PinePhone Installation Instructions]].
+With the Allwinner A64 being an older generation SoC with a large 40nm chip, the phone produces quite some heat with medium or higher use and especially also during charging or when using USB accessories, like a docking station. Measurements to prevent damage to the phone and to its surroundings need to be taken by the user. This includes especially a proper handling of the phone: do not charge the phone in a way where heat builds up around the phone without being able to escape. Especially don't charge your phone under a pillow, blankets, in pockets or bags. Charging the phone produces heat and charging the phone in a way, where the excessive heat can't dispose around the phone poses an immediate fire risk.
-Relevant subsections of the article for installing OSes to the PinePhone are:
+The user might notice that the phone gets warm under usage, compared to phones with more up-to-date hardware. Under normal circumstances these temperatures don't pose a risk while being in the levels within the safe operating temperatures (which lay far beyond the point where components can be too hot to touch). Higher temperatures might especially be experienced on the top side of the screen and on the inside of the phone at the RF shield of the modem. The higher temperature of the RF shield of the modem is commonly caused by the SoC on the opposite side of the mainboard, the RF shield of the modem is used to disperse heat of the SoC. In newer mainboard revisions starting from 1.2a there are also thermal pads on the back cover and between the SoC's RF shield and the screen, dispersing heat on the screen and on the back cover. In the past there has been safety issues regarding thermal safety functions, causing temperature reads to not properly work over an extended period of time, which was causing heat damage in some cases (see the documentation of that issue by the developer Megous [http://xnux.eu/log/#018 here] and [http://xnux.eu/log/#017 here]). While the developers are working hard to prevent such issues, they can't be excluded under all circumstances (see [[PinePhone#State_of_the_software|state of the software]]). The users are expected to monitor their phones' thermal safety at every point at this state of the software.
-* [[PinePhone Installation Instructions#Boot_priority|Boot priority]]
+It is highly recommend to update the phone on a regular basis to always get the latest improvements. The default settings to throttle the performance and to shut down the phone when reaching critical temperatures might be set to a too high point depending on the specific usage and usage length. Under GNU/Linux the phone's thermal management behavior can be modified via the Thermal Sysfs driver to achieve lower temperatures and preventing the screen and other components to potentially take damage, see [[PinePhone Thermal Tweaks]] for the details.
-* [[PinePhone Installation Instructions#Installation_to_the_microSD|Installation to the microSD]]
-* [[PinePhone Installation Instructions#Installation_to_the_eMMC|Installation to the eMMC]]
-* [[PinePhone Installation Instructions#Resize_partition_to_fit_disk_space|Resize partition to fit disk space]]
-* [[PinePhone Installation Instructions#Reuse_SD_card_for_data_storage_on_system_booting_from_eMMC|Reuse SD card for data storage on system booting from eMMC]]
 == Frequently asked questions ==
@@ Line 446: / Line 500: @@
 For a list of frequently asked questions (including information regarding the shipping) see [[PinePhone FAQ]].
 == Modifications and repairs ==
 === Swapping in a new mainboard revision ===
@@ Line 454: / Line 508: @@
 ==== Replacing the mainboard ====
-[[File:Pinephone_martijn_pcb_replacement.png|thumb|right|600px|link=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GbMoZ_zuZs|Watch Martijn Braam's video tutorial here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GbMoZ_zuZs.<br><br> Alternatively, user bridadan uploaded a video tutorial of the swap procedure including camera swap and proximity sensor housing here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J3AJEF7akkw.]]
+{{Hint|Replacement boards come with an empty eMMC, which means that trying to boot from them looks like the board is faulty (no LEDs, no screen, no reaction of the phone). Please boot an OS from SD card.}}
 Prior to replacing your PinePhone’s mainboard please read the steps outlined in bullet points below and watch the attached video.
-# You’ll need a small Phillip’s screwdriver and a prying tool to swap out the PinePhone’s mainboard.
+# You’ll need a small Phillips screwdriver and a prying tool to swap out the PinePhone’s mainboard.
 # Remove the PinePhone’s back cover. See your quick start guide for details.
 # Remove the battery as well as any inserted SD and SIM cards.
-# Unscrew all 15 Phillip’s head screws around the midframe of the phone.
+# Unscrew all 15 Phillips head screws around the midframe of the phone.
 # Gently pry up the midframe using a guitar pick or credit card corner. It is easiest to separate the midframe at one of the bottom edges. Work your way around all the sides of the phone until the midframe separates from the phone’s body.
 # Detach all ribbon cables and “Lego” connectors. List of things to detach: 1) two “Lego” connects at the bottom of the mainboard. 2) u.FL antenna connect and touchscreen digitizer on PCD left side. 3) LCD ribbon cable top of mainboard, next to audio/ UART jack.
@@ Line 470: / Line 524: @@
 After swapping the mainboard the phone won't boot as there is no OS on the replacement board's eMMC preinstalled. To boot an OS insert a flashed SD card.
+A video tutorial by <i>Martijn Braam</i> can be found here (or alternatively a video tutorial by user <i>brigadan</i> with additional notes about the camera swap and proximity sensor isolator [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J3AJEF7akkw here]):
+[[File:Pinephone_martijn_pcb_replacement.png|thumb|none|600px|link=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GbMoZ_zuZs|Watch Martijn Braam's video tutorial here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GbMoZ_zuZs.]]
 ==== Flashing the ANX firmware ====
@@ Line 477: / Line 534: @@
 After swapping the mainboard the ANX7688 chip has to be flashed for full USB functionality.
-Download the latest ANX7688 firmware image on the phone:
+Under GNU/Linux this can be done by downloading the latest ANX7688 firmware image on the phone:
   wget https://xff.cz/git/linux-firmware/plain/anx7688-fw.bin
-Execute as root ("sudo su") on the phone:
+and executing as root ("sudo su") on the phone:
   cp anx7688-fw.bin /lib/firmware/
@@ Line 488: / Line 545: @@
 ===== Method 2 =====
-Booting a factory test image will automatically flash the ANX7688 chip. See [[PinePhone Software Releases#Factory-loaded postmarketOS build]] for such an image.
+Booting a factory test image will automatically flash the ANX7688 chip. See [[PinePhone Software Releases#Factory Test OS|Factory Test OS]] for such an image.
 === Replacing the screen ===
@@ Line 504: / Line 561: @@
 Take your time, use the right tools, be careful and you should be rewarded with success.
-=== Spare parts not available in the Pine64 store ===
+=== Spare parts not available in the PINE64 store ===
-* Earpiece dimensions: 12x6x2 mm. Compatible with Xiaomi Mi2 / Mi3 / Mi4, Lenovo A536 and others, see [https://forum.pine64.org/showthread.php?tid=12046&pid=85698#pid85698 here]
+* Earpiece: See [[PinePhone (Pro) replacement earpieces]]
-* Loudspeaker dimensions: 15x11x3 mm. Compatible with Nokia N91, Lenovo A536 and others, see [https://forum.pine64.org/showthread.php?tid=12046&pid=85698#pid85698 here]
+* Loudspeaker dimensions: 15x11x3 mm. Compatible with Nokia N91, Lenovo A536 (requires soldering) and others, see [https://forum.pine64.org/showthread.php?tid=12046&pid=85698#pid85698 here]
 * Proximity sensor rubber isolator
+=== Other hardware issues ===
+See also [[PinePhone Hardware Issues]] for more issues and how-to's on hardware components including the sim reader, the internal microphone, and the bottom speaker.
 == Press ==
@@ Line 516: / Line 576: @@
 == PinePhone board information, schematics and certifications ==
-* PinePhone mainboard schematic:
+PinePhone mainboard schematic:
-** [https://files.pine64.org/doc/PinePhone/PinePhone%20v1.2b%20Released%20Schematic.pdf PinePhone mainboard Released Schematic ver 1.2b]
+* [https://files.pine64.org/doc/PinePhone/PinePhone%20v1.2b%20Released%20Schematic.pdf PinePhone mainboard Released Schematic ver 1.2b]
-** [https://files.pine64.org/doc/PinePhone/PinePhone%20v1.2a%20Released%20Schematic.pdf PinePhone mainboard Released Schematic ver 1.2a]
+* [https://files.pine64.org/doc/PinePhone/PinePhone%20v1.2a%20Released%20Schematic.pdf PinePhone mainboard Released Schematic ver 1.2a]
-** [https://files.pine64.org/doc/PinePhone/PinePhone%20v1.2%20Released%20Schematic.pdf PinePhone mainboard Released Schematic ver 1.2]
+* [https://files.pine64.org/doc/PinePhone/PinePhone%20v1.2%20Released%20Schematic.pdf PinePhone mainboard Released Schematic ver 1.2]
-** [[PinePhone_v1.2|PinePhone schematic ver 1.2 change list]]
+* [[PinePhone_v1.2|PinePhone schematic ver 1.2 change list]]
-** [https://files.pine64.org/doc/PinePhone/PinePhone%20Schematic%20v1.1%2020191031.pdf "Braveheart" PinePhone mainboard Schematic ver 1.1]
+* [https://files.pine64.org/doc/PinePhone/PinePhone%20Schematic%20v1.1%2020191031.pdf "Braveheart" PinePhone mainboard Schematic ver 1.1]
-** [https://files.pine64.org/doc/PinePhone/PinePhone%20mainboard%20top%20placement%20v1.1%2020191031.pdf "Braveheart" PinePhone mainboard component top placement drawing ver 1.1]
+* [https://files.pine64.org/doc/PinePhone/PinePhone%20mainboard%20top%20placement%20v1.1%2020191031.pdf "Braveheart" PinePhone mainboard component top placement drawing ver 1.1]
-** [https://files.pine64.org/doc/PinePhone/PinePhone%20mainboard%20bottom%20placement%20v1.1%2020191031.pdf "Braveheart" PinePhone mainboard component bottom placement drawing ver 1.1]
+* [https://files.pine64.org/doc/PinePhone/PinePhone%20mainboard%20bottom%20placement%20v1.1%2020191031.pdf "Braveheart" PinePhone mainboard component bottom placement drawing ver 1.1]
-** [[PinePhone component list]]
+* [[PinePhone component list]]
-* PinePhone USB-C small board schematic:
-** [https://files.pine64.org/doc/PinePhone/PinePhone%20USB-C%20small%20board%20schematic%20v1.0%2020190730.pdf PinePhone USB-C small board Schematic ver 1.0]
+PinePhone USB-C small board schematic:
-** [https://files.pine64.org/doc/PinePhone/PinePhone%20USB-C%20small%20board%20top%20placement%20v1.0%2020190730.pdf PinePhone USB-C small board component top placement drawing ver 1.0]
+* [https://files.pine64.org/doc/PinePhone/PinePhone%20USB-C%20small%20board%20schematic%20v1.0%2020190730.pdf PinePhone USB-C small board Schematic ver 1.0]
-** [https://files.pine64.org/doc/PinePhone/PinePhone%20USB-C%20small%20board%20bottom%20placement%20v1.0%2020190730.pdf PinePhone USB-C small board component bottom placement drawing ver 1.0]
+* [https://files.pine64.org/doc/PinePhone/PinePhone%20USB-C%20small%20board%20top%20placement%20v1.0%2020190730.pdf PinePhone USB-C small board component top placement drawing ver 1.0]
-* PinePhone certifications:
+* [https://files.pine64.org/doc/PinePhone/PinePhone%20USB-C%20small%20board%20bottom%20placement%20v1.0%2020190730.pdf PinePhone USB-C small board component bottom placement drawing ver 1.0]
-** [https://files.pine64.org/doc/cert/PinePhone%20FCC%20SDOC%20Certificate-S19112602605001.pdf PinePhone FCC Certificate]
-** [https://fcc.report/FCC-ID/2AWAG-PINEPHONE RF Exposure SAR Information from FCC ID site]
+PinePhone certifications:
-** [https://files.pine64.org/doc/cert/PinePhone%20CE%20RED%20Certificate-S19112602602.pdf PinePhone CE RED Certificate]
+* [https://files.pine64.org/doc/cert/PinePhone%20FCC%20SDOC%20Certificate-S19112602605001.pdf PinePhone FCC Certificate]
-** [https://files.pine64.org/doc/cert/PinePhone%20ROHS%20Report.pdf PinePhone ROHS Report]
+* [https://fcc.report/FCC-ID/2AWAG-PINEPHONE RF Exposure SAR Information from FCC ID site]
-** Note: PinePhone's GSMA TAC (Type Allocation Code) is <i>86769804</i>
+* [https://files.pine64.org/doc/cert/PinePhone%20CE%20RED%20Certificate-S19112602602.pdf PinePhone CE RED Certificate]
+* [https://files.pine64.org/doc/cert/PinePhone%20ROHS%20Report.pdf PinePhone ROHS Report]
+* Note: PinePhone's Type Allocation Code (TAC) is <i>86769804</i>
 == Datasheets for components and peripherals ==
-* Allwinner A64 SoC information:
+Allwinner A64 SoC information:
-** [https://files.pine64.org/doc/datasheet/pine64/A64%20brief%20v1.0%2020150323.pdf Allwinner A64 SoC brief introduction]
+* [https://files.pine64.org/doc/datasheet/pine64/A64%20brief%20v1.0%2020150323.pdf Allwinner A64 SoC brief introduction]
-** [https://files.pine64.org/doc/datasheet/pine64/A64_Datasheet_V1.1.pdf Allwinner A64 SoC Data Sheet V1.1 (Official Released Version)]
+* [https://files.pine64.org/doc/datasheet/pine64/A64_Datasheet_V1.1.pdf Allwinner A64 SoC Data Sheet V1.1 (Official Released Version)]
-** [https://files.pine64.org/doc/datasheet/pine64/Allwinner_A64_User_Manual_V1.0.pdf Allwinner A64 SoC User Manual V1.0 (Official Release Version)]
+* [https://files.pine64.org/doc/datasheet/pine64/Allwinner_A64_User_Manual_V1.0.pdf Allwinner A64 SoC User Manual V1.0 (Official Release Version)]
-* X-Powers AXP803 PMIC (Power Management IC) information:
+X-Powers AXP803 PMIC (Power Management IC) information:
-** [https://files.pine64.org/doc/datasheet/pine64/AXP803_Datasheet_V1.0.pdf AXP803 PMIC datasheet]
+* [https://files.pine64.org/doc/datasheet/pine64/AXP803_Datasheet_V1.0.pdf AXP803 PMIC datasheet]
-* LPDDR3 (178 Balls) SDRAM:
+LPDDR3 (178 Balls) SDRAM:
-** [https://files.pine64.org/doc/datasheet/pinephone/ATL3A1632H12A_mobile_lpddr3_11x11.5_v1.0_1600.pdf Artmem LPDDR3 datasheet]
+* [https://files.pine64.org/doc/datasheet/pinephone/ATL3A1632H12A_mobile_lpddr3_11x11.5_v1.0_1600.pdf Artmem LPDDR3 datasheet]
-* eMMC information:
+eMMC information:
-** [https://files.pine64.org/doc/datasheet/pinephone/Kimtigo_fbga153_16_32_64_eMMC_datasheet_v1.3.pdf Kimtigo eMMC datasheet]
+* [https://files.pine64.org/doc/datasheet/pinephone/Kimtigo_fbga153_16_32_64_eMMC_datasheet_v1.3.pdf Kimtigo eMMC datasheet]
-* CMOS camera module information:
+CMOS camera module information:
-** [https://files.pine64.org/doc/datasheet/pinephone/QZ01-rear-2019-0717(HW)%20Model.pdf PinePhone 5M Pixel Real CMOS Image Sensor Module]
+* [https://files.pine64.org/doc/datasheet/pinephone/QZ01-rear-2019-0717(HW)%20Model.pdf PinePhone 5M Pixel Real CMOS Image Sensor Module]
-** [https://files.pine64.org/doc/datasheet/pinephone/OV5640_datasheet.pdf OV5640 5MP CMOS Image Sensor SoC for Rear Module datasheet]
+* [https://files.pine64.org/doc/datasheet/pinephone/OV5640_datasheet.pdf OV5640 5MP CMOS Image Sensor SoC for Rear Module datasheet]
-** [https://usermanual.wiki/Document/OV5640FirmwareUserGuideV10.952852672.pdf OV5640 Embedded Firmware User Guide&nbsp;&ndash; VCM AF Module]
+* [https://usermanual.wiki/Document/OV5640FirmwareUserGuideV10.952852672.pdf OV5640 Embedded Firmware User Guide&nbsp;&ndash; VCM AF Module]
-** [https://files.pine64.org/doc/datasheet/pinephone/QZ01-front-2019-0717(HW)%20Model.pdf PinePhone 2M Pixel Front CMOS Image Sensor Module]
+* [https://files.pine64.org/doc/datasheet/pinephone/QZ01-front-2019-0717(HW)%20Model.pdf PinePhone 2M Pixel Front CMOS Image Sensor Module]
-** [https://files.pine64.org/doc/datasheet/pinephone/GC2145%20CSP%20DataSheet%20release%20V1.0_20131201.pdf GC2145 2MP CMOS Image Sensor SoC for Front Module datasheet]
+* [https://files.pine64.org/doc/datasheet/pinephone/GC2145%20CSP%20DataSheet%20release%20V1.0_20131201.pdf GC2145 2MP CMOS Image Sensor SoC for Front Module datasheet]
-* LCD touch screen panel information:
+LCD touch screen panel information:
-** [https://files.pine64.org/doc/datasheet/pinephone/PinePhone%20LCD-QZ01.pdf 5.99" 1440x720 LCD IPS Panel specification]
+* [https://files.pine64.org/doc/datasheet/pinephone/PinePhone%20LCD-QZ01.pdf 5.99" 1440x720 LCD IPS Panel specification]
-** [https://files.pine64.org/doc/datasheet/pinephone/ST7703_DS_v01_20160128.pdf ST7703 LCD Controller datasheet]
+* [https://files.pine64.org/doc/datasheet/pinephone/ST7703_DS_v01_20160128.pdf ST7703 LCD Controller datasheet]
-** [https://files.pine64.org/doc/datasheet/pinephone/GT917S-Datasheet.pdf GOODiX GT917S Capacitive Touch Controller datasheet]
+* [https://files.pine64.org/doc/datasheet/pinephone/GT917S-Datasheet.pdf GOODiX GT917S Capacitive Touch Controller datasheet]
-* Lithium battery information:
+Lithium battery information:
-** [https://files.pine64.org/doc/datasheet/pinephone/PinePhone%20QZ01%20Battery%20Specification.pdf PinePhone Lithium Battery specification]
+* [https://files.pine64.org/doc/datasheet/pinephone/PinePhone%20QZ01%20Battery%20Specification.pdf PinePhone Lithium Battery specification]
-** [https://files.pine64.org/doc/datasheet/pinephone/PinePhone%20QZ01%20Battery%20ZCV%20Curve%20Chart.xlsx PinePhone Lithium Battery ZCV curve chart]
+* [https://files.pine64.org/doc/datasheet/pinephone/PinePhone%20QZ01%20Battery%20ZCV%20Curve%20Chart.xlsx PinePhone Lithium Battery ZCV curve chart]
-** [https://cad.onshape.com/documents/5194d6303f021e6f300b70a0/w/7b63ac4c32ed63dfd78c7840/e/5d43c0ce5b665bae10082a08 PinePhone Lithium Battery 3D onshape drawing]
+* [https://cad.onshape.com/documents/5194d6303f021e6f300b70a0/w/7b63ac4c32ed63dfd78c7840/e/5d43c0ce5b665bae10082a08 PinePhone Lithium Battery 3D onshape drawing]
-* WiFi/BT module information:
+WiFi/BT module information:
-** [https://files.pine64.org/doc/datasheet/pine64/RTL8723BS.pdf RTL8723BS/RTL8723CS specification]
+* [https://files.pine64.org/doc/datasheet/pine64/RTL8723BS.pdf RTL8723BS/RTL8723CS specification]
-* LTE module information:
+LTE module information:
-** [https://www.quectel.com/UploadFile/Product/Quectel_EG25-G_LTE_Standard_Specification_V1.2.pdf Quectel EG25-G LTE Module specification v1.2]
+* [[File:Quectel_EG25-G_LTE_Standard_Specification_V1.3.pdf]]
-** [[Media:Quectel EC25EC21 AT Commands Manual V1.2.pdf|EC25&EC21 AT Commands Manual]]
+* [[File:Quectel_EG25-G_Hardware_Design_V1.4.pdf]]
-** [https://www.quectel.com/UploadImage/Downlad/Quectel_EC2x&EG25-G&EG9x&EM05_FILE_AT_Commands_Manual_V1.0.pdf Quectel EC2x EG25-G EG9x EM05 FILE AT Commands Manual v1.0]
+* [[File:Quectel_EC2x&EG9x&EG2x-G&EM05_Series_AT_Commands_Manual_V2.0.pdf]]
-** [https://sixfab.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Quectel_EC25EC21_GNSS_AT_Commands_Manual_V1.1.pdf Quectel EC25 EC21 GNSS AT Commands Manual v1.1]
+* [[File:Quectel_EC2xEG25-GEG9xEM05_FILE_AT_Commands_Manual_V1.0.pdf]]
+* [[File:Quectel_EC2x&EG9x&EG2x-G&EM05_Series_GNSS_Application_Note_V1.3.pdf]]
-* Sensors:
+Sensors:
-** [https://www.st.com/en/mems-and-sensors/lis3mdl.html ST LIS3MDL 3-axis Magnetomater Datasheet]
+* [https://www.st.com/en/mems-and-sensors/lis3mdl.html ST LIS3MDL 3-axis Magnetometer Datasheet]
-** [https://www.invensense.com/products/motion-tracking/6-axis/mpu-6050/ InvenSense MPU-6050 Six-Axis (Gyro + Accelerometer) MEMS datasheet]
+* [https://www.invensense.com/products/motion-tracking/6-axis/mpu-6050/ InvenSense MPU-6050 Six-Axis (Gyro + Accelerometer) MEMS datasheet]
-** [https://www.sensortek.com.tw/en/product/Proximity_Sensor_with_ALS.html SensorTek STK3335 Ambient Light Sensor and Proximity Sensor]
+* [https://www.sensortek.com.tw/en/product/Proximity_Sensor_with_ALS.html SensorTek STK3335 Ambient Light Sensor and Proximity Sensor]
-* Digital video to USB-C bridge:
+Digital video to USB-C bridge:
-** [https://www.analogix.com/en/system/files/AA-002281-PB-6-ANX7688_Product_Brief.pdf ANX7688 product brief]
+* [https://www.analogix.com/en/system/files/AA-002281-PB-6-ANX7688_Product_Brief.pdf ANX7688 product brief]
-* Case information:
+Case information:
-** [https://files.pine64.org/doc/datasheet/pinephone/PinePhone%20Exploded%20Diagram%20ver%201.0.pdf PinePhone case exploded diagram]
+* [https://files.pine64.org/doc/datasheet/pinephone/PinePhone%20Exploded%20Diagram%20ver%201.0.pdf PinePhone case exploded diagram]
-** [https://files.pine64.org/doc/datasheet/pinephone/PinePhone%20Back%20Cover.stp PinePhone back cover 3D file]
+* [https://files.pine64.org/doc/datasheet/pinephone/PinePhone%20Back%20Cover.stp PinePhone back cover 3D file]
-* Other components:
+Other components:
-** See links in the [[PinePhone_component_list|Component List]]
+* See the [[PinePhone_component_list|Component List]]
-== Developer works ==
+== Resources ==
-The following resources have been made available by Megous, one of the developers:
+The following articles contain more specific information:
+* [[PinePhone Accessibility]]
+* [[PinePhone Power Management]]
+* [[PinePhone Security]]
+* [[PinePhone UBports OS Design Discussion]]
+The following resources have been made available by Ondřej Jirman, a developer for the Pinephone:
 * [https://xnux.eu/howtos/pine64-pinephone-getting-started.html Getting started with PinePhone Hardware]
 * [https://xnux.eu/devices/pine64-pinephone.html State of development progress]
+* [https://xnux.eu/log/ Development log]
 * [https://xnux.eu/news.html PinePhone Technical News and Update, also applies to other Allwinner devices including PINE A64 SBC]
 * [https://xnux.eu/contribute.html Contributions to the kernel development]
 == External links ==
 * [https://pine64.com/product-category/pinephone/ The PinePhone on the official Pine store]
 * [https://pine64.com/product-category/smartphone-spare-parts/ PinePhone spare parts on the official Pine store]