Quartz64

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The Quartz64 Model B

The Quartz64 is the most recent Single Board Computer offering from PINE64, with Model A initially released in June of 2021 and Model B in May of 2022. It is powered by a Rockchip RK3566 Quad-Core ARM Cortex A55 64-Bit Processor with a MALI G-52 GPU.

Key features include a PCIe x4 open ended slot (model A) or m.2 (model B) using one Gen2 lane electrically, and the use of LPDDR4 RAM.

The Quartz64 has three LPDDR4 system memory options: 2GB, 4GB or 8GB. For booting, there is an eMMC module socket (supporting up to 128GB) and microSD slot, as well as a footprint to solder on an SPI flash chip. The board is equipped with HDMI, 1x USB 3.0 type A Host, 3x USB 2.0 Host, Gigabit Ethernet, SATA (model A), GPIO Bus, MiPi DSI interface, e-ink interface (model A), eDP interface (model A), touch Panel interface (model A), MiPi CSI interface, as well as many other device interfaces such as UART, SPI, I2C, for makers to integrate with sensors and other peripherals. Many different Operating Systems (OS) are freely available from the open source community, such as Linux (Ubuntu, Debian, Arch), BSD, and Android.

Software releases

Warning: You are strongly encouraged to procure a 3.3V UART serial adapter capable of running at 1.5 mbauds, such as the woodpecker if you want to use a Quartz64, as some images' u-boot may have no video output on this chip.
Note: OS images are provided by the community, not by PINE64. Most community projects currently aim at getting mainline Linux running on the board, not some vendor provided kernel that will never be receiving updates. A mainline-first approach allows for the boards to continue receiving important updates, such as security updates, for years to come, as well as have higher quality code in the kernel as it underwent independent review, but does mean that not all aspects of the hardware work right out of the gate.

Armbian

Armbian.png

Armbian is a base operating system platform for single board computers

  • Lightweight Debian or Ubuntu based Linux distribution specialised for ARM development boards
  • Each system is compiled, assembled and optimised by Armbian Build Tools
  • It has powerful build and software development tools to make custom builds

Download latest, as fresh as possible, upon code change, images

Support on Armbian forums https://forum.armbian.com/forum/96-upcoming-hardware-wip/


Manjaro ARM

File:Manjaro.png

Manjaro ARM is a user friendly rolling release distribution, based on Arch Linux ARM.

Most of the hardware support is already available in the mainline kernel. If some devices doesn't work it is possible to swap to the linux-quartz64 kernel pacman -S linux-quartz64.

Following desktop options available:

  • Gnome
  • KDE Plasma
  • Mate
  • Sway
  • XFCE

as well as minimal image without desktop.

pgwipeout's Quartz64 CI

pgwipeout provides continuously rebuilt set of images for Quartz64 devices which includes a Debian installer and a buildroot rescue environment. It is aimed at advanced users who generally know their way around a Linux system, and as a baseline for whether something is working or not. Works on both SD cards and eMMC, uses pgwipeout's patched kernel. Kernels aren't auto-updated on the installed system, so the user manually has to do this by mounting the actual correct boot partition.

Download: https://gitlab.com/pgwipeout/quartz64_ci/-/pipelines (Click the three dots on the right, download the merge-job archive.)

For Quartz64 Model A, flash rk3566-quartz64-a.dtb.img.xz. On Linux, you can for example do this as follows, assuming your target device is /dev/sdX: 

sudo -i; xzcat /path/to/rk3566-quartz64-a.dtb.img.xz > /dev/sdX

For Quartz64 Model B, use rk3566-quartz64-b.dtb.img.xz instead.

For line by line instructions to boot Quartz64 CI on a microSD card and use it to install Debian onto an eMMC follow these instructions https://wiki.pine64.org/wiki/Installing_Debian_on_the_Quartz64

DietPi

Dietpi.png

Arch Linux ARM (Unofficial)

See Installing Arch Linux ARM On The Quartz64 for detailed instructions.

Tianocore EDK II port by jmcneill

This (as of 2021-12-30) is a work in progress to enable UEFI enabled systems, and is able to bring up SD, eMMC, USB, PCIe with SATA and NVMe, HDMI, thermal sensors, TRNG, as well as general Cortex A-55 features. Known to work with NetBSD -current, and the ESXi Arm fling version 1.8.

The sdcard image should be written to an microSD card and installed. Currently, using this card also for the OS may be problematic.

NetBSD

NetBSD relies upon the UEFI support in Tianocore. Before NetBSD 10 is released, the latest version of NetBSD-current should be used:

  • NetBSD daily builds top level from inside here, navigate to a date, and inside the images/ subdirectory are installable images. Use the one called "NetBSD-<version>-evbarm-aarch64-install.img.gz". This image can be written to a supported device, such as the eMMC interface, any USB storage device, NVMe, and PCIe AHCI SATA are all supported with builds after 2022-01-15.
  • Currently this can not be shared with the EDK2 port, ie, microSD for EDK2 and some other media for NetBSD.

Plebian

Plebian stands for PINE64 Live Debian and aims to be a fairly vanilla live Debian image for Quartz64 and SOQuartz devices, based on Debian Bookworm.

To flash, run (replace /dev/sdX with your target block device): 

$ xzcat imagename.img.xz | sudo dd of=/dev/sdX bs=4M oflag=dsync status=progress

Some quick notes:

  • You will be asked to change your password on first login (for what the default login is, read the instructions!)
  • Root file system is grown to take up the entire space of your boot device
  • NetworkManager is used instead of Debian's interfaces config to be more flexible with what adapters are plugged in and working
  • An sshd is started on port 22 with freshly generated keys

SoC and Memory Specifications

RK3566 icon.png

CPU Architecture

  • Quad-core ARM Cortex-A55@1.8GHz
  • AArch32 for full backwards compatibility with ARMv7
  • ARM Neon Advanced SIMD (single instruction, multiple data) support for accelerated media and signal processing computation
  • Includes VFP hardware to support single and double-precision operations
  • ARMv8 Cryptography Extensions
  • Integrated 32KB L1 instruction cache and 32KB L1 data cache per core
  • 512KB unified system L3 cache
  • TrustZone technology support
  • 22nm process, believed to be FD-SOI

GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) Capabilities

  • Mali-G52 2EE Bifrost GPU@800MHz
  • 4x Multi-Sampling Anti-Aliasing (MSAA) with minimal performance drop
  • 128KB L2 Cache configurations
  • Supports OpenGL ES 1.1, 2.0, and 3.2
  • Supports Vulkan 1.0 and 1.1
  • Supports OpenCL 2.0 Full Profile
  • Supports 1600 Mpix/s fill rate when at 800MHz clock frequency
  • Supports 38.4 GLOP/s when at 800MHz clock frequency

NPU (Neural Processing Unit) Capabilities

  • Neural network acceleration engine with processing performance of up to 0.8 TOPS
  • Supports integer 8 and integer 16 convolution operations
  • Supports the following deep learning frameworks: TensorFlow, TF-lite, Pytorch, Caffe, ONNX, MXNet, Keras, Darknet

System Memory

  • RAM Memory Variants: 2GB (SOQuartz only), 4GB, 8GB LPDDR4.

Network

  • 10/100/1000Mbps Ethernet
  • WiFi 802.11 b/g/n/ac with Bluetooth 5.0 (optional on model A, built in on model B)

Storage

  • microSD - bootable, supports SDHC and SDXC, storage up to 2TB
  • USB
    • Model A: 2 USB 2.0 host ports, 1 USB 2.0 OTG port, 1 USB 3.0 host port
    • Model B: 1 USB 2.0 host port, 1 USB 2.0 OTG port, 1 USB 3.0 host port
  • one native SATA 3.0 6Gb/s Port (only on model A, shared with USB 3.0 host port)
  • optional eMMC module from 8GB up to 128GB
  • 64 Mbit (8 MByte) SPI flash (Model B only), part number 25Q64DWZPIG in the schematic

eMMC Speeds

On a 64 GB eMMC module: 

 $ sudo hdparm -tT /dev/mmcblk1 
 
 /dev/mmcblk1:
  Timing cached reads:   2368 MB in  2.00 seconds = 1184.46 MB/sec
  Timing buffered disk reads: 452 MB in  3.01 seconds = 149.98 MB/sec

Expansion Ports

  • HDMI
  • eDP - 4 lanes of 2.7Gbps, up to 2560x1600@60Hz (only on model A)
  • DSI - Display Serial Interface, 4 lanes MiPi, up to 1440P on model A, 2 lanes MiPi, up to 1080p on model B
  • CSI - CMOS Camera Interface, 4 lanes MiPi up to 8 mega pixel on model A, 2 lanes MiPi up to 5 mega pixel on model B
  • TP - Touch Panel Port, SPI with interrupt on model A
  • RTC - Real Time Clock Battery Connector
  • VBAT - Lithium Battery Connector with temperature sensor input on model A
  • Wifi/BT Module Header - SDIO 3.0 and UART on model A, build in Wifi/BT Module on model B
  • 2x20 pins "Pi2" GPIO Header on model B, 2x10 pins GPO header on model A
  • PCIe x4 open ended slot on model A, m.2 slot on model B, one Gen2 lane due to SoC constraints
    • On Model A, the slot provides 10W of power for the 3.3V supply and however much power your 12V input power supply provides on the 12V supply

The PCIe implementation on the RK3566 is much more compatible with a wide range of devices compared to the one on the RK3399 used on the ROCKPro64. This means a lot more devices should work (excluding dGPUs due to a lack of cache snooping ability).

Combo PHYs

Rk3566 phy.png

Several of the I/O options on the RK3566 used in the Quartz64 are using the same I/O lines, meaning that they cannot be used at the same time. The above diagram illustrates how they are connected.

In particular, USB 3.0 and the SATA connector on the board are mutually exclusive, and the PCI-e 2.0 lane can be reconfigured into a second SATA port, though an adapter cable needs to be fashioned for this to be useful.

GPIO Pins (Quartz64 Model A)

Attention! GPIOs are 3.3V!

Assigned To Pin no. Pin no. Assigned To
3.3 V 1 2 5 V
I2C3_SDA_M0 a,b 3 4 5 V
I2C3_SCL_M0 a,b 5 6 GND
CPU_REFCLK_OUT 7 8 UART2_TX_M0_DEBUG
GND 9 10 UART2_RX_M0_DEBUG
SPI1_MOSI_M1 11 12 UART0_TX a
SPI1_MISO_M1 13 14 UART0_RX a
SPI1_CLK_M1 15 16 GND
SPI1_CS0_M1 17 18 SPDIF_OUT c
GND 19 20 3.3V

Notes

  1. can be a PWM pin
  2. pulled high to 3.3V through 2.2kOhm resistor
  3. low-pass filtered with cutoff of 220 MHz

Source: Page 28 of the board schematics.

GPIO Pins (Quartz64 Model B)

Attention! GPIOs are 3.3V!

Interesting alternate pin configurations are listed in [brackets].

Assigned To Pin no. Pin no. Assigned To
3.3 V 1 2 5 V
[I2C3_SDA_M0] GPIO1_A0_3V3 3 4 5 V
[I2C3_SCL_M0] GPIO1_A1_3V3 5 6 GND
GPIO3_C4_3V3 7 8 UART2_TX
GND 9 10 UART2_RX
[SPI1_CS0_M1] GPIO3_A1_3V3 11 12 GPIO3_A3_3V3 [I2S3_SCLK_M0]
[I2S3_MCLK_M0] GPIO3_A2_3V3 13 14 GND
GPIO3_B0_3V3 15 16 GPIO3_B1_3V3
3.3V 17 18 GPIO3_B2_3V3
GPIO4_C3_3V3 19 20 GND
GPIO4_C5_3V3 21 22 GPIO3_C1_3V3 [SPI1_MOSI_M1]
GPIO4_C2_3V3 23 24 GPIO4_C6_3V3
GND 25 26 GPIO4_D1_3V3
I2C4_SDA_M0 27 28 I2C4_SCL_M0
GPIO3_B3_3V3 29 30 GND
GPIO3_B4_3V3 31 32 GPIO3_C2_3V3 [SPI1_MISO_M1]
[SPI1_CLK_M1] GPIO3_C3_3V3 33 34 GND
[I2S3_LRCK_M0] GPIO3_A4_3V3 35 36 GPIO3_A7_3V3
[SPDIF_TX_M0] GPIO1_A4_3V3 37 38 GPIO3_A6_3V3 [I2S3_SDI_M0]
GND 39 40 GPIO3_A5_3V3 [I2S3_SDO_M0]

Source: Page 24 of the board schematics.

Quartz64 Board Information, Schematics, and Certifications

Model "A"

  • Model "A" Baseboard Dimensions: 133mm x 80mm x 19mm
  • Input Power: DC 12V @ 3A 5.5mmOD/2.1mmID center-positive Barrel DC Jack connector
  • Certifications:
    • Disclaimer: Please note that PINE64 SBC is not a "final" product and in general certification is not necessary. However, PINE64 still submit the SBC for FCC and CE certification and obtain the certificates to proof that SBC board is capable on passing the testing. Please note a final commercial product needs to performs its owns testing and obtains its owns certificates.
    • Quartz64 model-A CE Certificate
    • Quartz64 model-A FCC Certificate

Model "B"

  • Model "B" Baseboard Dimensions: 85mm x 56mm x 18.8mm
  • Input Power: DC 5V @ 3A 3.5mmOD/1.35mmID center-positive Barrel DC Jack connector
  • Note: Model B uses a Molex PicoBlade compatible connector for the RTC battery. The Pine64 Backup Battery Holders come with a JST PH type connector. To use the Pine64 RTC Backup Battery Holder, the connector on the battery holder will need to be modified with a PicoBlade type connector.

Datasheets for Components and Peripherals

Development efforts

Main Article: Quartz64 Development

Information and resources of the ongoing development effort for the Quartz64 can be found on the Quartz64 Development page, where the current status of various board functions can be found, and whether they have landed in upstream.

BSP Linux SDK

BSP Linux SDK ver 4.19 for Quartz64 model A SBC


Android SDK

Android 11 SDK for Quartz64 model A SBC


Android 11 Production Test Build for Quartz64 model A SBC

Android 11 Stock Image [eMMC Boot] using DD method [20210604]

  • DD image to eMMC module using USB adapter for eMMC module and boot. Highly recommend using Etcher
  • This is test build that used during product testing
  • Please allow 3-5 minutes boot up time on first time for initialization
  • DD image for 8GB eMMC module
  • DD image for 16GB eMMC module
  • DD image for 32GB eMMC module
  • DD image for 64GB eMMC module


Android 11 Production Test Build for Quartz64 model A SBC [eMMC Boot] using ROCKChip tools method [20210604]

  • Please unzip first and then using Rockchip Android tool ver 2.84 to flash in
  • For Windows OS environment, please install the DriverAssistant v5.11 driver first
  • This is test build that used during product testing
  • The OTG port located at top USB 2.0 port on top of USB 3.0 port, needs USB type A to type A cable.
  • Please allow 3-5 minutes boot up time on first time for initialization


Android 11 eink SDK for Quartz64 model A SBC


Enclosures

(Please expand this section with more cases known to work.)

Model "A"

All enclosures that fit the ROCKPro64 should fit the Quartz64 Model "A", as the I/O has been laid out the same on purpose.

Model "B"

Troubleshooting

Stability/Boot Issues With Missing Battery Shunt

If there is no battery plugged into the board, the jumper labelled "ON/OFF_BATT" must be in place. If this is set wrong, stability issues such as failures to boot will occur.

No Ethernet Connectivity

Make sure the kernel is built with CONFIG_MOTORCOMM_PHY set to y. Building it as a module (m) and then relying on module auto-loading is unlikely to work, because if the generic PHY driver is built in it will bind to the PHY first, unless you include the motorcomm module in your initramfs.

Note: Starting with Debian's 6.1~rc3-1~exp1 kernel the module is included, but set to m and I (Diederik) have verified that it gets included in the initramfs and works on Model-A using CounterPillows quartz64-images. Both with the kernel included (compiled during image creation with Debian's kernel config) as with a kernel I compiled myself using tooling the Debian kernel team uses too.

"Model A" Acrylic Case Doesn't Fit

The Quartz64 does not really fit onto the bottom plate of the "Model A" Acrylic Open Enclosure. This is because the "Mic" connector at the bottom of the board interferes with one of the posts. A workaround is to find out which post that is (you have a 50% chance of guessing it right, accounting for rotating the board) and then filing away the corner of the post pointing inwards by a few millimetres.

Quartz64-audio-jack-spacer-issue.jpg

An alternate solution may be to place plastic spacers with a smaller outer diameter in between the acrylic bottom plate posts and the SBC board.

No GPU Acceleration with Debian "Bullseye" Userland

Debian Bullseye ships a Mesa version that is too old to contain the required patches for the RK356x SoC's GPU. You can (at your own risk) use the current Debian Testing version , called "Bookworm".

Wireless Connectivity Doesn't Work

ROCKPro64 wireless module may have CYW43455 or CYW43456 chips on board (not sure if this is the same for Quartz64 model B). Both chips are supported by brcmfmac wi-fi driver and btbcm bluetooth driver.

For CYW43455 drivers attempt to load /lib/firmware/brcm/brcmfmac43455-sdio.bin for wi-fi and /lib/firmware/brcm/BCM4345C0.hcd for bluetooth. Corresponding firmware files for CYW43456 are /lib/firmware/brcm/brcmfmac43456-sdio.bin and /lib/firmware/brcm/BCM4345C5.hcd.

On Manjaro firmware files for both bluetooth and wi-fi on CYW43456 on are provided by ap6256-firmware package (pacman -S ap6256-firmware).

However for CYW43455 wi-fi firmware is in the linux-firmware package and bluetooth is in the firmware-raspberrypi (pacman -S linux-firmware firmware-raspberrypi). linux-firmware package is missing device specific symlinks for quartz64-a. To create them execute: 

# ln -s brcmfmac43455-sdio.bin /lib/firmware/brcm/brcmfmac43455-sdio.pine64,quartz64-a.bin
# ln -s brcmfmac43455-sdio.AW-CM256SM.txt /lib/firmware/brcm/brcmfmac43455-sdio.pine64,quartz64-a.txt

As of 2022-10-19 device tree in mainline kernel for Quartz64 model A has wrong configuration for the bluetooth driver. Patch is submitted to the LKML. It's possible to modify dtb file provided by the current kernel using device tree compiler to enable bluetooth or perform make dtbs in the patched kernel tree to get updated dtb file (arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/rk3566-quartz64-a.dtb). Issue manifests itself with following errors in `dmesg`: 

 command 0x0c03 tx timeout
 Bluetooth: hci0: BCM: Reset failed (-110)

How-To

Connect Debug UART

The easiest way to get debug output is to connect a 3.3V 1.5mbaud capable UART adapter to the board.

To connect it, connect the ground lead to pin 6, and the RX/TX leads to pins 8 and 10 (consider swapping them if you get no output, things are often mislabelled). These pins are "UART2" in the above GPIO table.

Open a serial terminal at 1500000 bauds, e.g. 

$ picocom -b 1500000 /dev/ttyUSB0

Disable Heartbeat LED (Linux)

The flashing LED is called the "heartbeat LED", it blinks in a heart rhythm like fashion once the kernel is running. To disable it, you can run 

# echo none > /sys/class/leds/user-led/trigger

On model A LED device is called "diy-led", not "user-led".

On a system with systemd, you can do this as soon as the system is ready to be logged in with a systemd unit like this: 

[Unit]
Description=Turn off heartbeat LED
Wants=multi-user.target
After=multi-user.target

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=sh -c 'echo none > /sys/class/leds/user-led/trigger'

Place it in /etc/systemd/system/user-led.service, and run 

# systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl enable user-led.service

Upon rebooting, you will now notice that the heartbeat LED will blink during boot-up, but stops blinking as soon as the multi-user target is reached (i.e. the user can log in).

SATA on model A

On model A USB 3.0 and SATA ports are using the same I/O line and can't be used simultaneously. By default USB 3.0 is enabled in linux device tree and SATA is disabled. FDT modifications are required to turn SATA on.

Following script is tested on Monjaro but should work on the other distros with minimal changes. Device tree compiler package usually provides fdtput command (on Manjaro run: pacman -S dtc) 

# cp /boot/dtbs/rockchip/rk3566-quartz64-a.dtb /boot/dtbs/rockchip/rk3566-quartz64-a-sata.dtb
# fdtput -t s -v /boot/dtbs/rockchip/rk3566-quartz64-a-sata.dtb /usb@fd000000 status disabled
# fdtput -t s -v /boot/dtbs/rockchip/rk3566-quartz64-a-sata.dtb /sata@fc400000 status okay
# sed -i 's#^FDT /dtbs/rockchip/rk3566-quartz64-a.dtb$#FDT /dtbs/rockchip/rk3566-quartz64-a-sata.dtb#' /boot/extlinux/extlinux.conf
# systemctl reboot

Frequently Asked Questions

Do I Need A Fan/What Heatsink Do I Need?

You don't need a fan. The 20mm medium heatsink for Model A is plenty enough. For Model B, the fan type heatsink will do fine.

Can This Run A Minecraft Server?

Yes! Sort of. Testing on an 8GB Model A with PaperMC, User:CounterPillow was able to out-row world generation in a boat with just one player online, but aside from the slow world gen (which can be pre-generated) the server handled things like TNT explosions and mobs fine. It'll probably do okay with 1-3 players.

Do I Need The 5A Power Supply For Model A?

You only need the 5A power supply for Model A if you plan on connecting hard disk drives to the 12V header on the board.

How Much Power Does It Consume?

For Model B, it's <2W in idle (powertop tunables not set), and <5W under full CPU load (stress-ng -c4). Model A will be similar as it's the same SoC.

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