ROCKPro64

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The ROCKPro64

The ROCKPro64 is the most powerful single-board computer released by PINE64. It is powered by a Rockchip RK3399 hexa-core (dual ARM Cortex A72 and quad ARM Cortex A53) 64-bit processor with a Mali T-860 quad-core GPU. The key features include a PCI Express (PCIe) x4 open-ended slot, the use of LPDDR4 DRAM, and industry-standard heatsink mounting holes.

The ROCKPro64 is equipped with 2 or 4 GB of LPDDR4 system memory, and 128 Mb of SPI boot flash. There is also an optional eMMC module (up to 128 GB) and microSD slot for booting. The board is equipped with 1x USB 3.0 Type-C host port with DP 1.2, 1x USB 3.0 Type-A host port, 2x USB 2.0 host port, Gigabit Ethernet, PI-2 GPIO bus, MiPi DSI interface, eDP interface, touch panel interface, stereo MiPi CSI interface, as well as many other device interfaces such as UART, SPI, I2C, for makers to integrate with sensors and other peripherals. Many different operating systems (OSes) are freely available from the open-source community, such as Linux (Ubuntu, Debian, Arch), BSD and Android.

Getting Started

The article ROCKPro64 Getting Started gives important information to get the board up and running.

Software releases

In the ROCKPro64 Software Releases page, you will find a complete list of currently supported Operating System images that work with the ROCKPro64, as well as other related software. The Software Release page has links to download the images as well as high level instructions to load each image.

Please see the Getting started page for detailed discussion of what you need (prerequisites) as well as instructions if the high level instructions are insufficient.

Board Layout

A hi-res picture of v2.1 rear.
A thermal image of v2.1 front (upside-down).


An annotated ROCKPro64

Main Chips

  • RK3399 system-on-chip (1)
  • LPDDR4 SDRAM 1 (18)
  • LPDDR4 SDRAM 2 (3)
  • SPI NOR flash memory (17)
  • RK808 power management (near 19)
  • RTL8211 ethernet transceiver (near 25)
  • ES8316 Sound Codec (on rear of board)
  • The heatsink mounting holes around the RK3399 are 59 mm apart

Switches

The Power button (11, SW3): is the same as on your mobile phone - press and release after about 1 second to power on. Press and hold for about 3 seconds to power off.

The Reset button (10, SW901): performs a reset.

The Recover button (28, SW900): used to enter maskrom mode.

Connectors, Sockets and Headers

Diagram Schematic
designator		 Silkscreen
label		 Number
of pins		 Description
2 U39 PI-2-bus 40 Pi-2 bus
4 J8 +FAN- 2 PWM controlled fan header
5 J10 SPDIF 3 SPDIF header
6 U6 +RTC- 2 RTC battery backup header
7 U31 Wifi-BT 16 SDIO WIFI/BT module-MIMO 2
8 USB3 9 USB-3 and USB Type C
9 USB1 2×4 Dual USB-2
12 IR1 IR 3 infrared receiver socket
13 J16 Headphone+mic 4 Headphone + mic 3.5mm jack
- CON16 GND PWR RST GND 4 Power & reset, unpopulated
header near Headphone jack
14 U29 EMMC 34 eMMC connector
(Note: Some datasheets indicate a low
supported number of mating cycles.)
14* J13 13 TF-card, a.k.a. microSD
(* under 14 on the bottom side)
15 U30 14 SDIO WIFI/BT module-MIMO 1
16 SW4 2 Jumper to #Disable eMMC
19 J15 PCI 64 PCI-express X4 socket
20 J21 DSI 30 DSI
21 J22 EDP 30 LCD EDP
22 CON1 TP 6 touch panel connector
23 CON15 4 DC out for SATA disk cable
(direct connect from DC-IN)
24 J11 DC-IN 2 Power input, positive tip;
12V/3A (minimum) recommended
25 U32 8 8P8C (often referred to as 'RJ45')
26 J14 19 HDMI
27 J17 MIPI CAM 32 MIPI-1
29 J19 MIPI CAM 32 MIPI-2
30 J18 CIF 26 CIF

LEDs

A green LED next to the 12V input barrel connector will light as long as there is 12V applied to the connector. (Even if the RockPro64 is powered off.)

A white LED behind the reset button will light as long as the RockPro64 is running (it comes on a few seconds after power on, when control is passed to the operating system.)

A red LED behind the reset button is DIY - it is lit for example if the board is in OTG mode with an Ayufan image, or if an Android image is in standby mode.

Yellow and green LEDs on the LAN socket behave in a standard way.

Jumpers

They are used for boot device selection, as described in the following section.

Disable eMMC

There is an unlabelled (on the PCB silk-screen) 2-pin jumper (16) between the eMMC socket (14) and the SPI chip (17). It is designated as SW4 on the schematic diagram. The default condition is OPEN (no jumper). It is useful for controlling the boot as follows:

Default boot device (with no SPI software) is eMMC, then SDcard. If both the eMMC and the SDcard contain bootable images then the eMMC can be disabled by installing the jumper. This completely removes the eMMC from the resulting OS. If you wish the eMMC to be visible in the booted OS the jumper should be removed 2 seconds after applying power (and before the white LED comes on).

The possible combinations are summarised in the table below.

  • 1 = present
  • 0 = not present
µSD eMMC SW4 boot from
0 0 0 unsupported
0 0 1 unsupported
0 1 0 eMMC
0 1 1 unsupported
1 0 0 SDCard
1 0 1 SDCard
1 1 0 eMMC
1 1 1 SDCard

Disable SPI (while booting)

There is a second possibility to jumper your ROCKPro64: If you mess-up your SPI and are unable to boot, jumpering pins 23 (CLK) and 25 pin (GND) on the PI-2-bus header will disable the SPI as a boot device. (This was taken from the IRC logs, 09 August 2018 @ 17:23) You have to remove the jumper 2 seconds after having started your RP64 (before the white LED turns ON) otherwise the SPI will be missing and you won't be able to flash it. Ayufan images contain (at the moment) only one script for the SPI and the RP64, it's "rockpro64_reset_spi_flash". Other SPI scripts are dedicated to the R64 (as it is written on the name) and it will mess-up your RP64 SPI if you use them.

Hardware Compatibility

The hardware compatibility list can be found under ROCKPro64 Hardware compatibility.

Board Features

This section outlines the most important characteristics of the board and its components.

SoC and Memory Specification

  • Based on Rockchip RK3399
Rockchip RK3399.png

CPU Architecture

  • Dual-core Cortex-A72 up to 2.0GHz CPU
  • Quad-core Cortex-A53 up to 1.5GHz CPU
  • big.LITTLE architecture: Dual Cortex-A72 + Quad Cortex-A53, 64-bit CPU
  • Cortex-A72:
    • 1-4x Symmetrical Multiprocessing (SMP) within a single processor cluster, and multiple coherent SMP processor clusters through AMBA 5 CHI or AMBA 4 ACE technology
    • AArch64 for 64-bit support and new architectural features
    • L1 cache 48KB Icache and 32KB Dcache for each A72
    • L2 cache 1024KB for big cluster
    • DSP & SIMD extensions
    • VFPv4 floating point
    • Hardware virtualization support
  • Cortex-A53:
    • L1 cache 32KB Icache and 32KB Dcache for each A53
    • L2 cache 512KB for little cluster
  • Full implementation of the ARM architecture v8-A instruction set
  • ARM Neon Advanced SIMD (single instruction, multiple data) support for accelerated media and signal processing computation
  • ARMv8 Cryptography Extensions
  • In-order pipeline with symmetric dual-issue of most instructions
  • Include VFP v3 hardware to support single and double-precision operations
  • TrustZone technology support
  • Full CoreSight debug solution
  • One isolated voltage domain to support DVFS

GPU Architecture

  • ARM Mali-T860MP4 Quad-core GPU
  • The highest performance GPUs built on Arm Mali’s famous Midgard architecture, the Mali-T860 GPU is designed for complex graphics use cases and provides stunning visuals for UHD content.
  • Frequency: 650MHz
  • Throughput: 1300Mtri/s, 10.4Gpix/s
  • OpenGL® ES 1.1, 1.2, 2.0, 3.1, 3.2, Vulkan 1.0*, OpenCL™ 1.1, 1.2, DirectX® 11 FL11_1, RenderScript™.

System Memory

  • LPDDR4 RAM Memory Variants: Dual Channels 2GB and 4GB.
  • Storage Memory: 128Mb built-in SPI Flash memory (as at August 2018 only support for USB boot).

Display

  • Dual VOP: one supports resolutions up to 4096x2160 and AFBC; the other supports resolutions up to 2560x1600
  • Dual channel MIPI-DSI (4 lanes per channel)
  • eDP 1.3 (4 lanes with 10.8Gbps) to support displays, with PSR
  • Digital Video port up to 4Kp60
  • DisplayPort 1.2 (4 lanes, up to 4K 60Hz)
  • Supports Rec.2020 and conversion to Rec.709

Video

  • Digital Video output up to 4K@60Hz
  • 4K HDR @ 30fps
  • H.264/AVC Base/Main/High/High10 profile @ level 5.1; up to 4Kx2K @ 60fps
  • H.265/HEVC Main/Main10 profile @ level 5.1 High-tier; up to 4Kx2K @ 60fps
  • VP9, up to 4Kx2K @ 60fps
  • MPEG-1, ISO/IEC 11172-2, up to 1080P @ 60fps
  • MPEG-2, ISO/IEC 13818-2, SP@ML, MP@HL, up to 1080P @ 60fps
  • MPEG-4, ISO/IEC 14496-2, SP@L0-3, ASP@L0-5, up to 1080P @ 60fps
  • VC-1, SP@ML, MP@HL, AP@L0-3, up to 1080P @ 60fps
  • MVC is supported based on H.264 or H.265, up to 1080P @ 60fps

Audio

  • 3.5mm Phone Jack
  • 3-pin S/PDIF header
  • Audio via Digital Video port

Camera

  • Dual MIPI CSI，dual ISP, maximum input resolution of 13M pixels

Network

  • 10/100/1000Mbps Ethernet - Capable of pushing 941 MBit/s in iperf3
  • Wi-Fi 802.11 ac/a/b/g/n with Bluetooth 4.01 (old version with 2x2) / Bluetooth 5 (new version with 1x1) (optional)

Storage

  • microSD - bootable, supports SDHC and SDXC
  • eMMC - bootable (optional eMMC module)
  • 1x USB 3.0 host port
  • 1x USB Type-C OTG port with alternate mode DP output
  • 2x USB 2.0 dedicated host port

Expansion Ports

  • 2x20 pins "Pi2" GPIO header
  • PCI Express 2.1 x4 (four full-duplex lanes) open-ended port, limited to the Gen1 speed

GPIO Pins

Assigned To Pin Nr. Pin Nr. Assigned To
3.3 V 1 2 5 V
GPIO1_C4 (I2C8_SDA) a 3 4 5 V
GPIO1_C5 (I2C8_SCL) a 5 6 GND
GPIO4_D0 (CPU_GPCLK) 7 8 GPIO4_C4 (UART2_TX)
GND 9 10 GPIO4_C3 (UART2_RX)
GPIO1_C6 11 12 GPIO3_D0 (I2S0_CLK)
GPIO1_C2 13 14 GND
GPIO1_A1 15 16 GPIO1_A4
3.3 V 17 18 GPIO4_C5 [SPDIF]
[UART4_TX] GPIO1_B0 (SPI1_TXD) 19 20 GND
[UART4_RX] GPIO1_A7 (SPI1_RXD) 21 22 GPIO4_D1
GPIO1_B1 (SPI1_CLK) 23 24 GPIO1_B2 (SPI1_CSN0)
GND 25 26 GPIO1_B5
GPIO1_B3 (I2C4_SDA) 27 28 GPIO1_B4 (I2C4_SCL)
GPIO4_D3 29 30 GND
GPIO4_D4 31 32 GPIO3_D4 (I2S0_SDI1SDO3)
GPIO3_D5 (I2S0_SDI2SDO2) 33 34 GND
GPIO3_D2 (I2S0_LRCKTX) 35 36 GPIO3_D6 (I2S0_SDI3SDO1)
GPIO3_D1 (I2S0_LRCKRX) 37 38 GPIO3_D3 (I2S0_SDI0)
GND 39 40 GPIO3_D7 (I2S0_SDO0)
Notes
  • a: pulled high to 3.3V through 2.2kOhm resistor
Linux /dev/gpiochip Assignments
Pin Nr. 3 5 7 8 10 11 12 13 15 16 18 19 21 22 23 24 26 27 28 29 31 32 33 35 36 37 38 40
Chip 1 1 4 4 4 1 3 1 1 1 4 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Line 20 21 24 20 19 22 24 18 1 4 21 8 7 25 9 10 13 11 12 27 28 28 29 26 30 25 27 31

On Linux, using the new /dev/gpiochip API, the n in GPIOn_XX appears to correlate to the number of the /dev/gpiochipn, and the XX to the definition RK_PXX of lines in include/dt-bindings/pinctrl/rockchip.h of the Linux kernel source. Having these named in the dts would be nice.

You can use libgpiod to drive them, and test them with the included tools (gpioinfo, gpioset, ...)

For example, gpioset 4 25=1 (run as root) would turn pin 22 on. Do beware that poking the wrong GPIO pin can lock up your system.

The conversion table at right is also available as a C header file.

Working Features

Feature/Option Android Android Version Linux Linux Version Test/Verify Steps Notes Product Link
PINE64 LCD Touchscreen (Screen/Touch) Yes/Yes No/No Maybe this will help get this working? 7-inch LCD Touch Screen Panel
Wireless

ROCKPro64 2×2 MIMO Dual Band WiFi 802.11AC / Bluetooth 4.2 Module (old) ROCKPro64 1x1 Dual Band WiFi 802.11AC / Bluetooth 5.0 Module (new)

Yes/Yes No/Yes* For the "new" ROCKPro64 WIFI module: Verified with Manjaro ARM (kernel 6.2.5). A config file ("firmware file") is needed at /lib/firmware/brcm/brcmfmac43455-sdio.txt. See #Getting wifi working ("new" wifi module) for the file contents and details. In 0.7.9 Ayufan linux releases this is deliberately disabled for stability reasons. On Manjaro ARM (kernel 6.2.5), WIFI seems to be stable with the firmware file. On a 5GHz network (802.11AC), it is possible to get about 120Mbps using the "new" ROCKPro64 WIFI module. ROCKPro64 1x1 Dual Band WiFi 802.11AC / Bluetooth 5.0 Module
USB OTG use this script: rockpro64_enable_otg.sh, then configure ip on usb0: ifconfig usb0 169.169.222.222 and run iperf, you should likely see about 200-300MB/s ROCKPro64#OTG_mode
USB Mass Storage USB2/USB3 Yes/yes Yes/Yes
Dedicated Fan Power (pwm1) Yes You might want to use ATS.
GPIO pins (raw or via RPI python scripts) Check out what Frank Mankel has done.
MIPI CSI Camera 1 and 2
eDP
HDMI Audio Yes 7.1.2 Yes 4.4.132-1083 - 4.4.138-1100 Stopped working in 4.4.154.1105. Ayufan is looking into it. This is working in Manjaro ARM (kernel 6.2.5). Select the Analog Output (Built-in Audio Stereo) option in the audio output device selection window (either use pavucontrol or the volume button in the KDE desktop). Despite the slightly misleading name, audio does go through the HDMI port. See here for details: https://forum.manjaro.org/t/no-hdmi-audio-on-rockpro64/25595/2.
3.5mm Audio/Mic
USB-C Host
Display via USB-C Yes 7.x and 8.x eDP via USB-C per tillim. No sound on Android 7.x. Sound does work on Android 8.x
ROCKPro64 PLAYBOX ENCLOSURE N/A N/A N/A Ventilation does not exist, thus requires manual changes to add venting. Case should be modified to account power adapter not being centered in cut holes. Opening the case once close without modifying it first is nearly impossible without special tools. Graphene heatsink is included and does well for Linux but not Android. ROCKPro64 Playbox Enclosure
ROCKPro64 30mm Tall Profile Heatsink N/A N/A N/A ROCKPro64 30 mm Tall-Profile Heatsink
ROCKPro64 20mm Mid Profile Heatsink N/A N/A N/A ROCKPro64 20 mm Mid-Profile Heatsink
Fan For ROCKPro64 20mm Mid Profile Heatsink N/A N/A N/A You might want to use fanctl to control the fan while keeping your CPU cool Fan For ROCKPro64 20 mm Mid-Profile Heatsink
HDMI output 4K@60Hz
PCI Express 2.1 The PCI Express interface of the RK3399 is limited to the Gen1 speed. As a result, some installed PCI Express devices may operate with degraded performance, such as M.2 SSDs that support fewer than four PCI Express lanes, installed using an adapter like this one.
Real Time Clock (RTC) battery backup RTC Backup Battery Holder CR2032
Boot from USB/PXE

RockChip themselves have tables of supported features at 4.4 and mainline kernel versions in their wiki here.

Board Information, Schematics and Certifications

Certifications:

  • Disclaimer: Please note that PINE64 SBC is not a "final" product and in general certification is not necessary. However, PINE64 still submit the SBC for FCC, CE, and ROHS certification and obtain the certificates to proof that SBC board is capable on passing the testing. Please note a final commercial product needs to performs its owns testing and obtains its owns certificates.
  • ROCKPro64 FCC Certificate
  • ROCKPro64 CE Certificate
  • ROCKPro64 RoHS Report

Datasheets for Components and Peripherals

Rockchip RK3399 SoC information:

LPDDR4 (200 Balls) SDRAM:

eMMC information:

SPI NOR Flash information:

Heatsink related info:

Wireless related info:

Ethernet related info:

Peripheral related info:

Remote control button mapping:

Audio Codec (ES8316) (under board):

PWM controlled fan, SPDIF, and RTC Battery Backup headers:

Useful Articles and Blog Posts

If you want to dive in to the ecosystem, here's a short list of various articles and blog posts that can help you set up your soft- or hardware development environment.

The NAS Case for the ROCKPro64

Front View of the PINE64 NAS Case for the ROCKPro64

Please follow this this link for detailed instructions on how to assemble the ROCKPro64 NAS Case.

The NAS Case instructions also contains detailed information about:

  • what the NAS Case ships with
  • What additional things you need to purchase for your NAS Case
  • What optional things you can consider purchasing for your NAS build
  • What OS Image we recommend you use for your NAS build
  • IO accessibility after installing the ROCKPro64 into the NAS Case
  • NAS Case Exploded View
  • NAS Case Drawing

3D printable ITX mounting brackets

A Quartz64 Model-A mounted in an ITX case using 3D printed brackets, which can also be used for the ROCKPro64

Allows mounting a ROCKPro64 or Quartz64 Model-A board inside a regular PC case that conforms to the ITX standard, using 3D printed brackets:

  • AMF/STL/STEP files plus the original FreeCAD file used to create the models File:RP64-A Q64-A to ITX mounting brackets.zip
  • Make sure to flip the two brackets by 180 degrees on one of the horizontal axes (X/Y) in your slicer of choice before printing to avoid unnecessary supports
  • To allow enough clearance between the board and the bracket you either need to print four copies of the washer model or add nut(s) between the board and the bracket
  • If using nuts for the clearance between the board and the brackets, make sure it creates at least 3.2mm of spacing in between
  • Depending on the accuracy and calibration of a 3D printer, slight deviation can occur and you likely need to manually widen some of the holes to allow screws to fit

Other Resources

Troubleshooting

No Video or GPU Acceleration on Debian

Note: This issue should be non-existent in newer versions of the Linux kernel, as well as in long-term support (LTS) kernels, with this upstream kernel commit that introduced the required module dependency.

If you can log in through serial but don't get any video or GPU acceleration on Debian, this is likely due to Debian's decision to compile the devfreq governors as loadable modules but not including them early enough for panfrost to be able to be provided with one of them.

The usual sign of this being the case is the following line in the kernel log: [drm:panfrost_devfreq_init [panfrost]] *ERROR* Couldn't initialize GPU devfreq

To fix this issue, run the following as root and reboot: 

echo governor_simpleondemand >> /etc/initramfs-tools/modules
update-initramfs -u -k $(uname -r)

PCIe probe failures on Linux kernel boot

While booting the Linux kernel, you might experience PCIe probe failures, which render the attached PCIe device inaccessible. The "drivers: pci: introduce configurable delay for Rockchip PCIe bus scan" thread on the Linux kernel mailing list (LKML) discusses this issue and proposes a fix.

Manjaro ARM applies the following patches to the kernel package, which fix the issue:

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