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= Manual MultiBoot Configuration =
A variety of howto's for PinePhone
 
First, and foremost these steps do the following for you:
 
1. HOLD VOLUME UP AND POWER => BOOT JUMPDRIVE
2. HOLD VOLUME DOWN AND POWER => BOOT YOUR SD CARD OS
3. HOLD NOTHING LOAD YOUR EMMC OS
 
(Basic boot funtionality)
 
 
Below is series of steps, which will enable MultiBoot on an external SD Card for the PinePhone.
You will not be required to edit the EMMC in any way at all, leaving the the EMMC intact with original software
or with your own Primary OS, that is only for stable use of the phone, without worrying about breaking your permanent software.
 
You could potentially use this for 3 OS's, but ideally only 2 with this current instruction set because you want to keep JumpDrive to make it easy to mount the cards with an option on booting the device.
 
 
After reading and following these steps, you should able to do the following with a bit more research and a
few tweaks:
 
* Change the PostMarketOS to Mobian or another Distro of your choice pretty easily.
* Use these instructions to create a More Advanced boot structure, using Volume Up and Volume Down with a menu system (This endeavour may take you a while this is a programming exercise within Uboot.scr)
 
Essentially you are experimenting without the risk of complications with your EMMC.
 
For example of these instructions , with slight differences for Mobian see below:
 
https://www.youtube.com/user/enterusernamo/featured
 
==Summary==
 
After following these steps:
----
* You'll have a Custom UBOOT (Crust ENABLED) that allows MultiBOOT Using 3 different OS's depending on key combo of volume up / volume down or none pressing on boot
* You'll be able to experiment on SD Card without Touching your EMMC
* You'll learn how to take a part a PINE PHONE IMAGE (most, and put each OS On one partition
----
All the information here, has been discussed in the open source community on web sites. I have simply developed a process on how to do this on the pine phone.
 
We use utilities such as Cross Compilation, Uboot, Patches, which will be credited.
 
First step, make sure you have a cross compiler for your Computer, for particularly the arm device, you will need to download a few packages, I assume we're using Debian Linux (if your using another OS you can find similar commands by searching on the web or to make it simpler download a docker Debian image, and install the pre-requisites which I will list here for Debian)
 
You an also use vagrant/virtual box VMware or other virtualization platforms.
 
the tools mentioned are the following (in my words possible not maintainers):
 
Below are all more or less free:
 
 
Vagrant: A multi/functional wrapper tool to make using Virtual Box, VMWARE , and other virtualization components easier. There are default images(Preconfigured operating systems you can download) or you can make your own.
 
VirtualBox: This is a free virtualization tool, I don't think you can use prebundled images as without vagrant, but it allows you to freshly install operating systems from disk. It's like using a computer within a computer to install an OS.
 
Docker: A linux container system, that allows you to have many different snapshots running in the same linux environment. Similar to jails, quicker and faster than Vagrant and VirtualBox, and not an actual computer emulation....
 
Commercial  Tools available, non free:
 
VMWARE...numerous ones.
 
 
pick your poison! j/k
 
===Installing Dependencies===
First please install these Dependencies:
 
apt-get install gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu g++-aarch64-linux-gnu build-essential autoconf libtool cmake pkg-config git python-dev swig3.0 libpcre3-dev nodejs-dev crossbuild-essential-arm64 git losetup rsync
 
The following main sources are needed:
 
This will download quite a few sources needed for Uboot and existing OS's available to PinePhone
 
https://github.com/crust-firmware/meta.git
 
We will also apply this patch:
 
https://megous.com/git/u-boot/patch/?id=0ab6225154c3d8b74f06fb3b181b52a9a64b4602
 
(I will attach the one I used I had to modify the above patch to work with the code.)
 
The crust-firmware also says you need to download the or1k compiler:
 
https://musl.cc/or1k-linux-musl-cross.tgz
 
I suggest untarring this in the /opt folder.
 
===Preparing Crust===
Once you have these dependencies:
 
# cd /usr/src
# git clone https://github.com/crust-firmware/meta.git
# cd /usr/src/meta
 
Edit the following file Make file
 
# Cross compiler
CROSS_aarch64 = aarch64-linux-musl-
CROSS_or1k = or1k-linux-musl-
# General options
DEBUG ?= 0
REPRODUCIBLE ?= 0
# Board selection
BOARD ?= pinebook
 
Example:
 
# Cross compiler
CROSS_aarch64 =  /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-
CROSS_or1k = /opt/or1k-linux-musl-cross/bin/or1k-linux-musl-
# General options
DEBUG ?= 0
REPRODUCIBLE ?= 0
# Board selection
BOARD ?= pinephone
 
# make
 
(this should take a 10-30 mins depending on speed..I hope less than 30 mins!!)
 
After making apply the patch..
 
# make again
 
===Partitioning===
now, go to your sdcard (use a CLEAN scard NO Partitions)
 
fdisk /dev/sd#
create 4 primary partitions,
the 1rst one should be the "boot" partition containing Uboot stuff, I'd suggest a gigabyte
the other 3 could be your choice
 
After creating partitions, flash the image:
 
# cd build/pinephone
 
Do not use wrong drive, and copy exactly as this erases and puts the new Uboot on the sdcard
the first 512 sectors are partition you do NOT want to write that or you lose your partition
# dd if=u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin of=/dev/sdb bs=1024 seek=8 conv=sync
 
Make sure your disk is OK.
 
# fdisk -l
<pre>
Disk model: e microSD     
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x50fdd1d4
 
Device    Boot    Start      End  Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1            2048  2099199  2097152    1G 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2        2099200  65013759  62914560  30G 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3        65013760 127928319  62914560  30G 83 Linux
/dev/sdb4      127928320 251131903 123203584 58.8G 83 Linux
root@wifirouter:/usr/src#
</pre>
If it looks like above its ok.
 
===Flashing JumpDrive===
Lets start with the first OS were going to use:
 
JumpDrive (allows booting the EMMC and fixing it if we break it!!!)
 
Download it here:
 
https://github.com/dreemurrs-embedded/Jumpdrive/releases/download/0.4/pine64-pinephone.img.xz
 
then use losetup to mount the image to copy the files needed
 
root@wifirouter:/home/dave# losetup -P -f pine64-pinephone.img
 
it'll mount a loop back
 
root@wifirouter:/home/dave# ls /dev/loop0*
/dev/loop0  /dev/loop0p1
 
Mount there first image:
 
root@wifirouter:/home/dave# mkdir /media/jumpdrive
root@wifirouter:/home/dave# mount /dev/loop0p1 /media/jumpdrive/
 
mount the sd card:
 
root@wifirouter:/media# mkdir /media/boot
root@wifirouter:/media# fdisk -l
 
Your pine phone looks like this DO NOT TOUCH EMMC You don't need to
<pre>
Disk model: e eMMC         
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 4932F07F-4DC2-4A88-BEA9-6E165C4A5136
 
Device        Start      End  Sectors  Size Type
/dev/sda1      256    4095    3840  1.9M Linux filesystem
/dev/sda2      4097    6144    2048    1M Linux filesystem
/dev/sda3      6146    22460    16315    8M Linux filesystem
/dev/sda4    22461  153515  131055  64M Linux filesystem
/dev/sda5    153516  285156  131641 64.3M Linux filesystem
/dev/sda6    285157  416015  130859 63.9M Linux filesystem
/dev/sda7    416016  546875  130860 63.9M Linux filesystem
/dev/sda8    546876  5546875  5000000  2.4G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda9  5546876 10546875  5000000  2.4G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda10 10546876 28515591 17968716  8.6G Linux filesystem
 
Disk /dev/sdb: 119.8 GiB, 128579534848 bytes, 251131904 sectors
Disk model: e microSD     
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x50fdd1d4
 
Device    Boot    Start      End  Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1            2048  2099199  2097152    1G 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2        2099200  65013759  62914560  30G 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3        65013760 127928319  62914560  30G 83 Linux
/dev/sdb4      127928320 251131903 123203584 58.8G 83 Linux
</pre>
 
root@wifirouter:/media# mount /dev/sdb1 /media/boot/
root@wifirouter:/media# cd /media/boot
root@wifirouter:/media/boot# mkdir boot
 
root@wifirouter:/media/boot# mkdir -p multiboot/jumpdrive
root@wifirouter:/media/boot# cp * multiboot/jumpdrive
 
End result should be like this ( this is complete file)
 
root@wifirouter:/media/boot/multiboot/jumpdrive# ls -la
<pre>
total 4988
drwxr-xr-x 2 root  root    4096 Jun 25 05:51 .
drwxr-xr-x 3 root  root    4096 Jun 25 05:46 ..
-rwxr-xr-x 1 32011 32011 3991895 Jun 25 05:45 Image.gz
-rwxr-xr-x 1 32011 32011 1068435 Jun 25 05:45 initramfs.gz
-rwxr-xr-x 1 32011 32011  33457 Jun 25 05:45 sun50i-a64-pinephone.dtb
</pre>
root@wifirouter:/media/boot/multiboot/jumpdrive# pwd
 
Now we need to create the boot.txt for uboot to load:
 
Your text file should look like this:
<pre>
setenv kernel_addr_z 0x44080000
 
setenv bootargs loglevel=0 silent console=tty0 vt.global_cursor_default=0
 
if test "${volume_key}" = "up" ; then
echo "yes im here"
setenv devtype mmc
setenv devnum 0
setenv distro_bootpart 1
if load ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} ${kernel_addr_z} /multiboot/jumpdrive/Image.gz; then
  unzip ${kernel_addr_z} ${kernel_addr_r}
  if load ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} ${fdt_addr_r} /multiboot/jumpdrive/sun50i-a64-pinephone.dtb; then
    if load ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} ${ramdisk_addr_r} /multiboot/jumpdrive/initramfs.gz; then
      booti ${kernel_addr_r} ${ramdisk_addr_r}:${filesize} ${fdt_addr_r};
    else
      booti ${kernel_addr_r} - ${fdt_addr_r};
    fi;
  fi;
fi
exit
fi
if test "${volume_key}" = "down" ; then
echo "down"
ext4load mmc 0:2 ${kernel_addr_r} /boot/Image
ext4load mmc 0:2 ${fdt_addr_r} /boot/dtb/sun50i-a64-pinephone-1.2.dtb
setenv bootargs root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw console=ttyS0,115200 console=tty1 initrd=/boot/initrd.img quiet
booti ${kernel_addr_r} - ${fdt_addr_r}
else
setenv devtype mmc
setenv devnum 1
setenv partnum 4
load ${devtype} ${devnum}:2 ${scriptaddr} /boot.scr
source ${scriptaddr}
fi
</pre>
 
Compile the boot script:
 
mkimage -C none -A arm -T script -d boot.text boot.scr
cp boot.scr /media/boot/boot
 
This should now be working with JumpDrive..
 
===Flashing PostMarketOS===
Now lets download PostMarketOS
 
# wget http://images.postmarketos.org/pinephone/pine-pinephone-20200624-phosh-crust.img.xz
 
root@wifirouter:/home/dave# unxz pine-pinephone-20200624-phosh-crust.img.xz
root@wifirouter:/home/dave# losetup -P -f pine-pinephone-20200624-phosh-crust.img
 
root@wifirouter:/home/dave# ls /dev/loop1*
/dev/loop1  /dev/loop1p1  /dev/loop1p2
 
root@wifirouter:/home/dave# mount /dev/loop1p1 /media/postmarketboot/
root@wifirouter:/home/dave# mount /dev/loop1p2 /media/postmarket/
 
root@wifirouter:/home/dave# fdisk -l /dev/loop1
<pre>
Disk /dev/loop1: 1.4 GiB, 1504706560 bytes, 2938880 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0eef1887
 
Device      Boot  Start    End Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/loop1p1 *      2048  249855  247808  121M 83 Linux
/dev/loop1p2      249856 2938879 2689024  1.3G 83 Linux
</pre>
root@wifirouter:/media# ls -la /media/postmarketboot/
<pre>
total 40202
drwxr-xr-x  3 root root    1024 Jun 24 08:40 .
drwxr-xr-x 16 root root    4096 Jun 25 21:24 ..
-rw-r--r--  1 root root      949 Jun 17 05:19 boot.scr
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  1431266 Jun 24 08:40 initramfs-postmarketos-allwinner
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  6875596 Jun 24 08:40 initramfs-postmarketos-allwinner-extra
drwx------  2 root root    12288 Jun 24 08:42 lost+found
-rw-r--r--  1 root root    33835 Jun 24 08:40 sun50i-a64-pinephone-1.1.dtb
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 15601736 Jun 24 08:40 uImage-postmarketos-allwinner
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  1431330 Jun 24 08:40 uInitrd-postmarketos-allwinner
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 15601672 Jun 21 16:57 vmlinuz-postmarketos-allwinner
</pre>
Take a look at how the boot.scr works with postmarketos:
 
root@wifirouter:/media# cat /media/postmarketboot/boot.scr
<pre>
'Vi?_^??;u??npostmarketosmgpio set 98
gpio set 114
 
if test ${mmc_bootdev} -eq 0 ; then
echo "Booting from SD";
setenv bootdev 0;
else
echo "Booting from eMMC";
setenv bootdev 2;
fi;
 
setenv bootargs init=/init.sh rw console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200 no_console_suspend earlycon=uart,mmio32,0x01c28000 panic=10 consoleblank=0 loglevel=1 cma=256M PMOS_NO_OUTPUT_REDIRECT pmos_boot=/dev/mmcblk${bootdev}p1 pmos_root=/dev/mmcblk${bootdev}p2
 
printenv
 
echo Loading DTB
load mmc ${mmc_bootdev}:1 ${fdt_addr_r} sun50i-a64-pinephone-1.1.dtb
 
echo Loading Initramfs
load mmc ${mmc_bootdev}:1 ${ramdisk_addr_r} uInitrd-postmarketos-allwinner
 
echo Loading Kernel
load mmc ${mmc_bootdev}:1 ${kernel_addr_r} vmlinuz-postmarketos-allwinner
 
gpio set 115
 
echo Resizing FDT
fdt addr ${fdt_addr_r}
fdt resize
 
echo Booting kernel
gpio set 116
gpio clear 98
booti ${kernel_addr_r} ${ramdisk_addr_r} ${fdt_addr_r}
</pre>
 
# mkdir -p /media/boot/multiboot/postmarketos/
# cd /media/postmarketbootl
# cp -r * /media/boot/multiboot/postmarketos/
 
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb#
# mkdir -p /media/newpostmarketbin
# mount /dev/sdb# /media/newpostmarketbin
# cd /media/postmarketos
# rsync -avh * /media/newpostmarketbin
# cp /media/postmarketboot /media/newpostmarketbin/boot
# cp /media/postmarketboot /media/newpostmarketbin/
 
 
now edit the boot.text to reflect the changes of the images
 
edit the new boot.text file to look like this:
<pre>
setenv kernel_addr_z 0x44080000
 
setenv bootargs loglevel=0 silent console=tty0 vt.global_cursor_default=0
 
if test "${volume_key}" = "up" ; then
echo "yes im here"
setenv devtype mmc
setenv devnum 0
setenv distro_bootpart 1
if load ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} ${kernel_addr_z} /multiboot/jumpdrive/Image.gz; then
  unzip ${kernel_addr_z} ${kernel_addr_r}
  if load ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} ${fdt_addr_r} /multiboot/jumpdrive/sun50i-a64-pinephone.dtb; then
    if load ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} ${ramdisk_addr_r} /multiboot/jumpdrive/initramfs.gz; then
      booti ${kernel_addr_r} ${ramdisk_addr_r}:${filesize} ${fdt_addr_r};
    else
      booti ${kernel_addr_r} - ${fdt_addr_r};
    fi;
  fi;
fi
exit
fi
if test "${volume_key}" = "down" ; then
echo "down"
 
setenv bootdev 0
setenv bootargs init=/init.sh rw console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200 no_console_suspend earlycon=uart,mmio32,0x01c28000 panic=10 consoleblank=0 loglevel=1 cma=256M PMOS_NO_OUTPUT_REDIRECT pmos_boot=/dev/mmcblk${bootdev}p3 pmos_root=/dev/mmcblk${bootdev}p3
 
printenv
 
echo Loading DTB
load mmc ${mmc_bootdev}:1 ${fdt_addr_r} /multiboot/postmarketos/sun50i-a64-pinephone-1.1.dtb
 
echo Loading Initramfs
load mmc ${mmc_bootdev}:1 ${ramdisk_addr_r} /multiboot/postmarketos/uInitrd-postmarketos-allwinner
 
echo Loading Kernel
load mmc ${mmc_bootdev}:1 ${kernel_addr_r} /multiboot/postmarketos/vmlinuz-postmarketos-allwinner
 
gpio set 115
 
echo Resizing FDT
fdt addr ${fdt_addr_r}
fdt resize
 
echo Booting kernel
gpio set 116
gpio clear 98
booti ${kernel_addr_r} ${ramdisk_addr_r} ${fdt_addr_r}
 
else
setenv devtype mmc
setenv devnum 1
setenv partnum 4
load ${devtype} ${devnum}:2 ${scriptaddr} /boot.scr
source ${scriptaddr}
fi
</pre>
 
compile it:
 
# mkimage -C none -A arm -T script -d boot.text boot.scr
 
Once booted, you will need to run depmod -a after logging into it.
 
 
===Sites Referenced/Inspiration===
 
* https://www.96boards.org/documentation/iot/
* https://github.com/dreemurrs-embedded/Jumpdrive
* https://github.com/dreemurrs-embedded/Pineloader
* https://www.thegeekstuff.com/2014/12/patch-command-examples/
* https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9980186/how-to-create-a-patch-for-a-whole-directory-to-update-it
* https://courses.linuxchix.org/kernel-hacking-2002/11-creating-applying-and-submitting-patches.html
 
patch from the link above to work:

Latest revision as of 21:19, 29 June 2020

A variety of howto's for PinePhone

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