Ox64

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Revision as of 13:34, 30 October 2023 by Dsimic (talk | contribs) (Clarified a bit)
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The Ox64
Pinout of the production version
Powered by RISC-V

The Ox64 is a RISC-V based single-board computer based on the Bouffalo Lab BL808 RISC-V SoC with C906 64-bit and E907/E902 32-bit CPU cores supported by 64 MB of embedded PSRAM memory, and with built-in WiFi, Bluetooh and Zigbee radio interfaces. The Ox64 comes in a breadboard-friendly form-factor, has a microSD card slot, a USB 2.0 Type-C port, and many other peripheral interfaces for makers to integrate with sensors and other devices.

Software Releases

Quick Links to the Source of OS Images Build

There is a community effort to bring updated kernels, peripherals and buildroot - Lots of communication happening in the #ox64-nutcracker channel.

  • buildroot bringing all the work below together with a bootable kernel and updated filesystem images for SD cards
  • U-Boot and OpenSBI work by Smauel
  • Kernel IRQChip, SDCard, and (WIP) USB by arm000, Alexander Horner and others
  • OpenBouffalo Firmware low_load drivers by Fishwaldo and others

Original Linux Images provided by Bouffalo - Very basic alpha build which are only fit for board bring up and testing purposes.

Toolchain:

  • elf_newlib_toolchain/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc (Xuantie-900 elf newlib gcc Toolchain V2.2.5 B-20220323) 10.2.0
  • linux_toolchain/bin/riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc (Xuantie-900 linux-5.10.4 glibc gcc Toolchain V2.2.4 B-20211227) 10.2.0
  • cmake version 3.19.3

Software Development Kits

SoC and Memory Specification

Bouffalo Lab icon.png

Based on the Bouffalo Lab BL808

BL808 Block Diagram.jpg

CPU Architecture

T-Head.png

T-Head C906 480 MHz 64-bit RISC-V CPU:

  • Supports RISC-V RV64IMAFCV instruction architecture
  • Five-stage single-issue sequentially executed pipeline
  • Level-1 instruction and data cache of Harvard architecture, with a size of 32 KB and a cache line of 64B
  • Sv39 memory management unit, realizing the conversion of virtual and real addresses and memory management
  • jTLB that supports 128 entries
  • Supports AXI 4.0 128-bit master interface
  • Supports core local interrupt (CLINT) and platform-level interrupt controller (PLIC)
  • With 80 external interrupt sources, 3 bits for configuring interrupt priority
  • Supports BHT (8K) and BTB
  • Compatible with RISC-V PMP, 8 configurable areas
  • Supports hardware performance monitor (HPM) units
  • See here

T-Head E907 320 MHz 32-bit RISC-V CPU:

  • Supports RISC-V RV32IMAFCP instruction set
  • Supports RISC-V 32-bit/16-bit mixed instruction set
  • Supports RISC-V machine mode and user mode
  • Thirty-two 32-bit integer general purpose registers (GPR) and thirty-two 32-bit/64-bit floating-point GPRs
  • Integer (5-stage)/floating-point (7-stage), single-issue, sequentially executed pipeline
  • Supports AXI 4.0 main device interface and AHB 5.0 peripheral interface
  • 32K instruction cache, two-way set associative structure
  • 16K data cache, two-way set associative structure
  • See here

T-Head E902 150 MHz 32-bit RISC-V CPU:

System Memory

  • Embedded 64MB PSRAM

Board Features

Network

  • 2.4 GHz 1T1R WiFi 802.11 b/g/n
  • Bluetooth 5.2
  • Zigbee
  • 10/100 Mbit/s Ethernet (optional, on expansion board)

Storage

  • On-board 16 Mbit (2 MB) or 128 Mbit (16 MB) XSPI NOR flash memory
  • MicroSD, supports SDHC and SDXC (only on the 128 Mbit version)

Expansion Ports

  • USB 2.0 OTG port
  • 26 GPIO pins, including SPI, I2C and UART functionality, possible I2S and GMII expansion
  • Dual-lane MiPi CSI port, located at USB-C port, for camera module

Audio

  • Microphone (optional, on the camera module)
  • Speaker (optional, on the camera module)

Board Information, Schematics and Certifications

Pinout for wiring ethernet PHY to EMAC
  • Baseboard dimensions: 51 mm x 21 mm x 19 mm x 3.5 mm (breadboard friendly)
  • Input power: 5 V, 0.5 A through the microUSB or USB-C ports

Production version schematic:

Prototype (dispatched to developers) schematic:

Certifications:

  • Disclaimer: Please note that PINE64 SBC is not a "final" product and in general certification is not necessary.
  • Not yet available

Datasheets for Components and Peripherals

Bouffalo BL808 SoC information:

SPI NOR Flash information:

Power Regulator information:

MicroSD socket information:

Compatible UARTs when in bootloader mode

When the Ox64 is in bootloader mode, some UARTs are unable to communicate with it. When this is the case, utilities such as BLDevCube are unable to actually program the device. If you see "Shake hand fail" and an empty ack, and your device is in bootloader mode, then it is likely an incompatible UART.

The below devices have been tested and verified as working:

  • Raspberry Pi Pico - running the following UART firmware (GP4 and GP5 are used for port 0, GP12 and GP13 for port 1)
  • Compiled binary for Pi Pico and connectivity diagram is here
  • ESP32 with CP210x - bridge the EN pin to ground to disable the ESP32 itself, and then connect the TX on the esp32 to 14 on the Ox64 and RX to pin 15. Note that only baud rate 115200 works, and this doesn't seem to work for everyone)
  • Stand-alone CP2102 dongle works at 115200 baud. Brand used was HiLetgo.
  • STM32F401 BlackPill - running the Black Magic Debug firmware
  • STM32F103C8T6 BluePill - running Black Magic Debug.
  • Some UART adapters based on the FT232H (note that the FT232RL does not work, and neither does the Pine 64 JTAG)
  • Some CH340G based adapters work and some don't.

Resources

Git repositories:

Development Efforts

Build

Open the terminal and create a new directory for the build: 

mkdir buildroot_bouffalo && cd buildroot_bouffalo

Clone the primary Buildroot repository and the specific Buildroot Bouffalo repository: 

git clone https://github.com/buildroot/buildroot
git clone https://github.com/openbouffalo/buildroot_bouffalo

Define an environment variable for the Buildroot Bouffalo overlay path: 

export BR_BOUFFALO_OVERLAY_PATH=$(pwd)/buildroot_bouffalo

Change directory into the cloned Buildroot folder: 

cd buildroot

Apply the default configuration for Pine64 Ox64: 

make BR2_EXTERNAL=$BR_BOUFFALO_OVERLAY_PATH pine64_ox64_defconfig

Use the menuconfig tool to adjust build settings: 

make menuconfig

Note: Within menuconfig:

  • Navigate to Target Architecture.
  • Enable Single-precision Floating-point and Double-precision Floating-point.
  • Set Target ABI to lp64d.
target ABI setting
  • Under Toolchain, enable Fortran support and OpenMP support.
toolchain setting

Initiate the build process: 

make

Note: Before executing the make command, ensure your PATH variable doesn't have spaces.


Flashing Ox64 SBC and SD Card for Newbies

This section explains how to flash Ox64 board and the SD card to boot the system. It's very low level for newbies.

Wiring Raspberry Pico Pi to Pine64 Ox64 SBC

Prepare the Environment

You need a Linux machine, a Uart module (i.e Raspberry Pico Pi), the Ox64 board and a SD card.

Start a terminal session and set the working directory 

cd ~/Downloads
mkdir ox64 ox64/devcube183
cd ~/Downloads/ox64/devcube183

Get flasher DevCube 1.8.3 from one of mirrored servers and decompress it:

SHA1: 0f2619e87d946f936f63ae97b0efd674357b1166

SHA256SUMS: e6e6db316359da40d29971a1889d41c9e97d5b1ff1a8636e9e6960b6ff960913 

wget https://openbouffalo.org/static-assets/bldevcube/BouffaloLabDevCube-v1.8.3.zip
unzip BouffaloLabDevCube-v1.8.3.zip
chmod u+x BLDevCube-ubuntu

Download compressed file from https://github.com/openbouffalo/buildroot_bouffalo/releases/ and decompress it.

(You can also get the compressed the file from https://github.com/openbouffalo/buildroot_bouffalo/releases/download/v1.0.1/bl808-linux-pine64_ox64_full_defconfig.tar.gz) 

cd ~/Downloads/ox64
mkdir openbouffalo && cd openbouffalo
wget https://github.com/openbouffalo/buildroot_bouffalo/releases/download/v1.0.1/bl808-linux-pine64_ox64_full_defconfig.tar.gz
tar -xvzf bl808-linux-pine64_ox64_full_defconfig.tar.gz

You'll get this structure
  |_ firmware/
  |_ firmware/m0_lowload_bl808_m0.bin
  |_ firmware/bl808-firmware.bin
  |_ firmware/d0_lowload_bl808_d0.bin
  |_ firmware/sdcard-pine64_ox64_full_defconfig.img.xz

Flash Ox64

Connect the the Uart module (i.e Raspberry Pico Pi) for serial communicate from PC to Ox64 

ls /dev/ttyACM*

There are two new ports to choose from : /dev/ttyACM0 /dev/ttyACM1, use the lower number. 

minicom -b 2000000 -D /dev/ttyACM0

Set ox64 board to programming mode

  • Press BOOT button
  • Apply power
  • Release BOOT button

Close minicom. Open a new terminal window to run DevCube flasher 

cd ~/Downloads/ox64/devcube183
./BLDevCube-ubuntu

Select chip [BL808], press Finish and switch to [MCU] tab 

M0 Group[group0] Image Addr [0x58000000] [PATH to m0_lowload_bl808_m0.bin]
D0 Group[group0] Image Addr [0x58100000] [PATH to d0_lowload_bl808_d0.bin]
Interface: Uart
Port/SN: /dev/ttyACM1
Uart rate 2000000
UART TX is physical pin 1/GPIO 14.
UART RX is physical pin 2/GPIO 15.
Click 'Create & Download' and wait until it's done

Switch to [IOT] tab 

Enable 'Single Download', set Address with 0x800000, choose [PATH to bl808-firmware.bin]
Click 'Create & Download' again and wait until it's done
Close DevCube

Alternative: Open-Source Flashing

For those who do not want to use the DevCube, BouffaloLab provide open-source flashing packages — bflb-iot-tool and bflb-mcu-tool.

Note: While these packages do contain binaries in addition to the Python source code, those binaries do not appear to be used for UART flashing.

Execute the following commands to flash the BL808. Note that the addresses are different to the ones you would use in the DevCube.

Reminder: UART TX is physical pin 1/GPIO 14, UART RX is physical pin 2/GPIO 15.
pip install bflb-iot-tool # we are *not* using bflb-mcu-tool

bflb-iot-tool --chipname bl808 --interface uart --port /dev/ttyACM0 --addr 0x000000 --firmware firmware/m0_lowload_bl808_m0.bin --single
bflb-iot-tool --chipname bl808 --interface uart --port /dev/ttyACM0 --addr 0x100000 --firmware firmware/d0_lowload_bl808_d0.bin --single
bflb-iot-tool --chipname bl808 --interface uart --port /dev/ttyACM0 --addr 0x800000 --firmware firmware/bl808-firmware.bin --single

Flash SD Card

Insert SD card into PC, find address [/dev/sdb], erase initial space and flash sdcard.xxxx.img file. 

cd ~/Downloads/ox64/openbouffalo/firmware
xz -v -d -k sdcard-pine64_ox64_full_defconfig.img.xz
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb count=1 bs=32768 
sudo dd if=~/Downloads/ox64/openbouffalo/firmware/sdcard-pine64_ox64_full_defconfig.img of=/dev/sdb bs=1M status=progress conv=fsync

First Booting

Insert SD card into Ox64 and set a tty connection to Ox64 board

  • Serial Console access:
  • UART TX is physical pin 32/GPIO 16.
  • UART RX is physical pin 31/GPIO 17.
  • Baud 2000000.
minicom -b 2000000 -D /dev/ttyACM0

Re-Apply power to ox64

Enjoy the boot!

PS. To investigate running services 

pstree | head -5
  init-+-dhcpcd---3*[dhcpcd]
       |-dropbear
       |-klogd
       |-login---sh-+-head
       |            `-pstree
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