Difference between revisions of "Reprogramming the PineTime"

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== Programming the PineTime ==
== Introduction ==


=== Using JLink programmer and nrfjprog tools ===
The PineTime Dev Kit comes with the back not glued down to allow it to be easily reprogrammed, however the kit does not include an hardware programmer/debugger.
 
'''Before you can use your debugger/programmer, you probably have to [[PineTime Devkit Wiring|wire up your pinetime]]. Heavily recommended you read this first!'''
 
There is a bewildering variety of different hardware programmers available but whatever programmer you have there are only a few tasks you will have to learn about:
 
* Unlocking the device '''Note: PineTime watches shipped after 20 Sep 2020 do not require unlocking. They are shipped unlocked.'''
* Uploading new software
* Running a debugger
 
All of these are described in this article.
 
Unlocking the device is a one-time action that is needed to enable the debug port and provide full access to the device. Unlocking the device will erase all existing software from the internal flash.
 
== SWD Pinout ==
See [[PineTime Devkit Wiring]]
 
== nrfjprog (for Segger JLink) ==


The following steps have been tested with the Segger JLink embedded in the [https://www.nordicsemi.com/Software-and-Tools/Development-Kits/nRF52-DK NRF52-DK development board].
The following steps have been tested with the Segger JLink embedded in the [https://www.nordicsemi.com/Software-and-Tools/Development-Kits/nRF52-DK NRF52-DK development board].


1. Connect the Pinetime SWD pins to the debugger (P20 on NRF52-DK)
=== Hookup ===
 
Connect the Pinetime SWD pins to the debugger (P20 on NRF52-DK)


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Pintime
!Pinetime
!JLink
!JLink
|-
|-
Line 24: Line 44:
|}
|}


2. Unlock the device and erase the memory. '''You need to execute this step only once, to remove the read protection on the memory. Note that it will erase the whole flash memory of the MCU!''' :
=== Unlocking the FLASH ===
 
Unlocking the device and erase the memory.  
 
'''You need to execute this step only once, to remove the read protection on the memory. Note that it will erase the whole flash memory of the MCU!''' :
   
   
  nrfjprog -f NRF52 --recover
  nrfjprog -f NRF52 --recover


3. Program the BLE softdevice (if needed by the firmware). Replace PATH_TO_NRF_SDK by the path where you unzipped the [https://www.nordicsemi.com/Software-and-Tools/Software/nRF5-SDK NRF52 SDK] :
=== Uploading new software ===
 
1. Program the BLE softdevice (if needed by the firmware). Replace PATH_TO_NRF_SDK by the path where you unzipped the [https://www.nordicsemi.com/Software-and-Tools/Software/nRF5-SDK NRF52 SDK] :


  nrfjprog -f NRF52 --program /PATH_TO_NRF_SDK/components/softdevice/s132/hex/s132_nrf52_6.1.1_softdevice.hex --sectorerase
  nrfjprog -f NRF52 --program /PATH_TO_NRF_SDK/components/softdevice/s132/hex/s132_nrf52_6.1.1_softdevice.hex --sectorerase


4. Program the firmware (replace firmware.hex by the actual filename of the firmware):
2. Program the firmware (replace firmware.hex by the actual filename of the firmware):


  nrfjprog -f NRF52 --program firmware.hex --sectorerase
  nrfjprog -f NRF52 --program firmware.hex --sectorerase


5. Reset and run the new firmware:
3. Reset and run the new firmware:
   
   
  nrfjprog -f NRF52 --reset
  nrfjprog -f NRF52 --reset


=== Using OpenOCD and a Raspberry Pi ===
== OpenOCD ==
 
OpenOCD, the Open On-Chip Debugger supports multiple different adapters. You can read more about it here: http://openocd.org/
 
=== Adapters ===
 
These examples allow you to use telnet to issue futher commands to the devkit. Using them you can connect to ''127.0.0.1'' (''localhost'') port ''4444'' using telnet and invoke OpenOCD commands. GDB should also be available on port ''3333''.
 
You can simplify your life by creating a configuration file that contains the interface, transport, target and speed configuration. Things like CLion also need one to work properly.
 
If you aren't using the latest version of OpenOCD, you might need to substitute things in these examples with older syntax (e.g. instead of ''adapter speed'' it's ''adapter_khz'').
 
==== CMSIS-DAP ====


Instructions in [https://medium.com/@ly.lee/build-and-flash-rust-mynewt-firmware-for-pinetime-smart-watch-5e14259c55 Medium post], subsequently [https://medium.com/@ly.lee/openocd-on-raspberry-pi-better-with-swd-on-spi-7dea9caeb590 updated] with a more reliable method under development, so may be a bit of a moving target.
This is a generic specification that is supported by a bunch of different hardware, things such as DAPLink also use it.


=== Using OpenOCD and a JLink ===
Issue this command to initialize a connection to the devkit:
 
openocd \
    -c 'source [find interface/cmsis-dap.cfg]' \
    -c 'transport select swd' \
    -c 'source [find target/nrf52.cfg]' \
    -c 'adapter speed 8000' \
    -c 'init'
 
==== JLink ====


Start OpenOCD:
Start OpenOCD:


  openocd \
  openocd \
     -c 'interface jlink; transport select swd; source [find target/nrf52.cfg]' \
     -c 'source [find interface/jlink.cfg]' \
    -c 'transport select swd' \
    -c 'source [find target/nrf52.cfg]' \
    -c 'adapter speed 8000' \
     -c 'init'
     -c 'init'


Now you can connect to `127.0.0.1` (`localhost`) port `4444` using telnet to invoke OpenOCD commands. GDB should be available on port `3333`.
==== Raspberry Pi ====
 
openocd \
    -c 'source bcm2835spi' \
    -c 'bcm2835spi_speed 31200' \
    -c 'source [find target/nrf52.cfg]' \
    -c 'init'
 
==== STLink ====
 
Connect PineTime SWD Pins to ST-Link v2 as follows:
 
{| class="wikitable"
!PineTime
!ST-Link
|-
|GND
|GND
|-
|SWDCLK
|SWDCLK
|-
|SWDIO
|SWDIO
|-
|VCC (3.3V)
|3.3V
|}
 
[[File:pinetime-stlink.jpg|400px]]


=== Using STM32 bluepill as blackmagic probe ===
Note that only the bottom row of pins on ST-Link are used.


Instructions in [https://forum.pine64.org/showthread.php?tid=8816&pid=57095#pid57095 forum post] or [https://gist.github.com/darnel/dac1370d057e176386ca4026418abc2b gist] (mac os)
To flash PineTime with ST-Link on Linux and macOS, use [https://github.com/lupyuen/pinetime-updater/blob/master/README.md PineTime Updater]


=== Using OpenOCD and a CMSIS-DAP dongle ===
[[PineTime FAQ|'''ST-Link can't be used to remove nRF52 flash protection''']]


Copied from [https://blog.aegrel.ee/absniffer-cmsis-dap-sniffer.html this article].
=== Unlocking the device ===


Issue this command to initialize a connection to the devkit:
If you need to disable access port protection then you can do this using the following commands below.
 
This can be done in two ways:
 
Appending this to OpenOCD command line:
 
  -c 'nrf52.dap apreg 1 0x04' -c 'nrf52.dap apreg 1 0x04 0x01' -c 'nrf52.dap apreg 1 0x04'
 
Or by using the telnet connection, just type in ''telnet localhost 4444'' and then you can issue commands to OpenOCD:


  openocd -d2 -c 'source [find interface/cmsis-dap.cfg]; transport select swd; source [find target/nrf52.cfg]'
Note: ''Unlocking the device to remove access port protection will erase the contents of flash.''
 
After that command you can connect to localhost and execute unlock commands. Full wipe after this is required to do further flashing.


   telnet localhost 4444
   telnet localhost 4444
Line 78: Line 163:
     > nrf52.dap apreg 1 0x04
     > nrf52.dap apreg 1 0x04
     0x00000001
     0x00000001
(If the ''nrf52.dap'' command cannot be found, try just ''dap'' instead.)
=== Uploading new software ===
Just issue this command, replace ''code.hex'' with your own (and cmsis-dap.cfg with an appropriate adapter).
  openocd \
      -c 'source [find interface/cmsis-dap.cfg]' \
      -c 'transport select swd' \
      -c 'source [find target/nrf52.cfg]' \
      -c 'init' \
      -c 'halt' \
      -c 'nrf5 mass_erase' \
      -c 'program code.hex verify' \
      -c 'reset' \
      -c 'exit'
== Black Magic Probe ==
BlackMagic Probe is an JTAG/SWD adapter with open-source firmware, allowing for it to be ported to a multitude of different boards. One of it's defining features is lack of need for intermediate software such as OpenOCD - one would just need to connect to the GDB server running on the chip and proceed with debugging. For more information, refer to [https://github.com/blacksphere/blackmagic/wiki wiki].
=== Native adapters ===
The native adapters are the official Black Magic family of debug adapters, including the original Black Magic Probe and the Black Magic Probe Mini. By buying the official hardware you are supporting the continued development of the Black Magic Probe software.
Providing your native adapter is running up-to-date firmware then it can be used to program your PineTime.
=== STM32 (Blue Pill) ===
It is possible to flash a popular development board based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller, known as Blue Pill, to make a BlackMagic Probe device. For example, one may follow instructions in [https://forum.pine64.org/showthread.php?tid=8816&pid=57095#pid57095 forum post] or [https://gist.github.com/darnel/dac1370d057e176386ca4026418abc2b gist] (mac os). Also, it is possible to use SWD pins on the board to flash other devices, instead using arbitrary pins on the board itself. See [https://buger.dread.cz/black-magic-probe-bmp-on-bluepill-stm32f103c8-minimum-system-development-board.html this link] for more detals.
=== Other hardware ===
The Black Magic Probe firmware can be run on a variety of host devices. See [https://github.com/blacksphere/blackmagic/wiki/Debugger-Hardware BMP Debugger Hardware] for more information.
=== Using the BMP to flash the PineTime ===
Refer to the BMP [https://github.com/blacksphere/blackmagic/wiki/Useful-GDB-commands wiki] for the full description of commands.
Overall, the process on Linux is like following. (/dev/ttyBmpGdb is a symlink created by the udev rule). It's useful to create a gdb script file (or .gdbinit) with following commands:
  target extended-remote /dev/ttyBmpGdb
  monitor swdp_scan
  attach 1
  file %firmware file%
Then one may use '''load''' command to flash the firmware, '''compare-sections''' to verify the upload, or '''monitor erase_mass''' to erase the firmware.
Then, proceed with debugging as normal.
== External links and additional tutorials ==
* https://github.com/jlukanc1/pinetime-boot-flasher
* https://blog.aegrel.ee/absniffer-cmsis-dap-sniffer.html
* https://blog.dbrgn.ch/2020/5/16/nrf52-unprotect-flash-jlink-openocd/
* https://medium.com/@ly.lee/openocd-on-raspberry-pi-better-with-swd-on-spi-7dea9caeb590
* https://medium.com/@ly.lee/build-and-flash-rust-mynewt-firmware-for-pinetime-smart-watch-5e14259c55
[[Category:PineTime]]

Latest revision as of 03:02, 16 March 2023

Introduction

The PineTime Dev Kit comes with the back not glued down to allow it to be easily reprogrammed, however the kit does not include an hardware programmer/debugger.

Before you can use your debugger/programmer, you probably have to wire up your pinetime. Heavily recommended you read this first!

There is a bewildering variety of different hardware programmers available but whatever programmer you have there are only a few tasks you will have to learn about:

  • Unlocking the device Note: PineTime watches shipped after 20 Sep 2020 do not require unlocking. They are shipped unlocked.
  • Uploading new software
  • Running a debugger

All of these are described in this article.

Unlocking the device is a one-time action that is needed to enable the debug port and provide full access to the device. Unlocking the device will erase all existing software from the internal flash.

SWD Pinout

See PineTime Devkit Wiring

nrfjprog (for Segger JLink)

The following steps have been tested with the Segger JLink embedded in the NRF52-DK development board.

Hookup

Connect the Pinetime SWD pins to the debugger (P20 on NRF52-DK)

Pinetime JLink
GND GND
SWDCLK SWDCLK
SWDIO SWDIO
VCC (3.3V) VTG (target detect)

Unlocking the FLASH

Unlocking the device and erase the memory.

You need to execute this step only once, to remove the read protection on the memory. Note that it will erase the whole flash memory of the MCU! : 

nrfjprog -f NRF52 --recover

Uploading new software

1. Program the BLE softdevice (if needed by the firmware). Replace PATH_TO_NRF_SDK by the path where you unzipped the NRF52 SDK : 

nrfjprog -f NRF52 --program /PATH_TO_NRF_SDK/components/softdevice/s132/hex/s132_nrf52_6.1.1_softdevice.hex --sectorerase

2. Program the firmware (replace firmware.hex by the actual filename of the firmware): 

nrfjprog -f NRF52 --program firmware.hex --sectorerase

3. Reset and run the new firmware: 

nrfjprog -f NRF52 --reset

OpenOCD

OpenOCD, the Open On-Chip Debugger supports multiple different adapters. You can read more about it here: http://openocd.org/

Adapters

These examples allow you to use telnet to issue futher commands to the devkit. Using them you can connect to 127.0.0.1 (localhost) port 4444 using telnet and invoke OpenOCD commands. GDB should also be available on port 3333.

You can simplify your life by creating a configuration file that contains the interface, transport, target and speed configuration. Things like CLion also need one to work properly.

If you aren't using the latest version of OpenOCD, you might need to substitute things in these examples with older syntax (e.g. instead of adapter speed it's adapter_khz).

CMSIS-DAP

This is a generic specification that is supported by a bunch of different hardware, things such as DAPLink also use it.

Issue this command to initialize a connection to the devkit: 

openocd \
   -c 'source [find interface/cmsis-dap.cfg]' \
   -c 'transport select swd' \
   -c 'source [find target/nrf52.cfg]' \
   -c 'adapter speed 8000' \
   -c 'init'

JLink

Start OpenOCD: 

openocd \
   -c 'source [find interface/jlink.cfg]' \
   -c 'transport select swd' \
   -c 'source [find target/nrf52.cfg]' \
   -c 'adapter speed 8000' \
   -c 'init'

Raspberry Pi

openocd \
   -c 'source bcm2835spi' \
   -c 'bcm2835spi_speed 31200' \
   -c 'source [find target/nrf52.cfg]' \
   -c 'init'

STLink

Connect PineTime SWD Pins to ST-Link v2 as follows:

PineTime ST-Link
GND GND
SWDCLK SWDCLK
SWDIO SWDIO
VCC (3.3V) 3.3V

Pinetime-stlink.jpg

Note that only the bottom row of pins on ST-Link are used.

To flash PineTime with ST-Link on Linux and macOS, use PineTime Updater

ST-Link can't be used to remove nRF52 flash protection

Unlocking the device

If you need to disable access port protection then you can do this using the following commands below.

This can be done in two ways:

Appending this to OpenOCD command line: 

 -c 'nrf52.dap apreg 1 0x04' -c 'nrf52.dap apreg 1 0x04 0x01' -c 'nrf52.dap apreg 1 0x04'

Or by using the telnet connection, just type in telnet localhost 4444 and then you can issue commands to OpenOCD:

Note: Unlocking the device to remove access port protection will erase the contents of flash. 

 telnet localhost 4444
   Trying 127.0.0.1...
   Connected to localhost.
   Escape character is '^]'.
   Open On-Chip Debugger
   > nrf52.dap apreg 1 0x04
   0x00000000
   > nrf52.dap apreg 1 0x04 0x01
   > nrf52.dap apreg 1 0x04
   0x00000001

(If the nrf52.dap command cannot be found, try just dap instead.)

Uploading new software

Just issue this command, replace code.hex with your own (and cmsis-dap.cfg with an appropriate adapter). 

 openocd \
     -c 'source [find interface/cmsis-dap.cfg]' \
     -c 'transport select swd' \
     -c 'source [find target/nrf52.cfg]' \
     -c 'init' \
     -c 'halt' \
     -c 'nrf5 mass_erase' \
     -c 'program code.hex verify' \
     -c 'reset' \
     -c 'exit'

Black Magic Probe

BlackMagic Probe is an JTAG/SWD adapter with open-source firmware, allowing for it to be ported to a multitude of different boards. One of it's defining features is lack of need for intermediate software such as OpenOCD - one would just need to connect to the GDB server running on the chip and proceed with debugging. For more information, refer to wiki.

Native adapters

The native adapters are the official Black Magic family of debug adapters, including the original Black Magic Probe and the Black Magic Probe Mini. By buying the official hardware you are supporting the continued development of the Black Magic Probe software.

Providing your native adapter is running up-to-date firmware then it can be used to program your PineTime.

STM32 (Blue Pill)

It is possible to flash a popular development board based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller, known as Blue Pill, to make a BlackMagic Probe device. For example, one may follow instructions in forum post or gist (mac os). Also, it is possible to use SWD pins on the board to flash other devices, instead using arbitrary pins on the board itself. See this link for more detals.

Other hardware

The Black Magic Probe firmware can be run on a variety of host devices. See BMP Debugger Hardware for more information.

Using the BMP to flash the PineTime

Refer to the BMP wiki for the full description of commands. Overall, the process on Linux is like following. (/dev/ttyBmpGdb is a symlink created by the udev rule). It's useful to create a gdb script file (or .gdbinit) with following commands: 

 target extended-remote /dev/ttyBmpGdb
 monitor swdp_scan
 attach 1
 file %firmware file%

Then one may use load command to flash the firmware, compare-sections to verify the upload, or monitor erase_mass to erase the firmware.

Then, proceed with debugging as normal.

External links and additional tutorials

Retrieved from "https://wiki.pine64.org/index.php?title=Reprogramming_the_PineTime&oldid=18761"